Ad hominem arguments - I think it is important to enforce minimum-wage legislation so that workers are not exploited., Conspiracy theory - An increased gas tax, which would reduce consumption, might be good for the nation as a whole. However, Senator Twomey’s personal finances are too reliant on income from gas sales for her to ever support such a tax., Exaggeration - My client killed Joe Smith, but the cause for his violent behavior was a life of eating Twinkies and other junk food, which impaired his judgment., False certainty - Travelers to the area contract the disease by eating poorly cooked food from the informal food stalls that line the highways., False dilemma - Vote for me or live through four more years of higher taxes., Irrelevant quotation - As we consider the value of a classical education, let’s remember what the biologist Stephen Jay Gould said: “We are all glorious accidents of an unpredictable process.”, Reasoning by anecdote - My grandfather was a heavy smoker most of his life, but he lived to be 90 years old. Therefore, smoking is not harmful to people., Reasoning by question - Protesters shut down the subway system, so the police beat them with clubs and shot them with rubber bullets. What else could the government do?,

Module 2 - Section B Lesson 13 - Logical Fallacy Examples

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