behavioural isolation - two birds that look very similar and have overlapping ranges but are classified as separate species as they have different mating songs which prevent their interbreeding, mechanical isolation - two bushbabies that are classified as separate species as they each have differently shaped genitalia which prevents interbreeding, geographical isolation - two squirrels that are classified as separate species as they became reproductively isolated when the Grand Canyon was gradually carved out by the Colorado River over millions of years, gametic isolation  - two sea urchins that are classified as separate species as their gametes are genetically incompatible which inhibts fertlisation, reduced hybrid viability (inviability)  - two flies that are classified as separate species as they fail to produce viable offspring through interbreeding. The hybrid fails to develop following fertilisation as the two species have incompatible alleles for certain genes, reduced hybrid fertility (sterility)  - hinny and mule which are hybrid offspring of horses (Equus caballus) and donkeys (Equus asinus). The hybrid organisms are usually sterile as they fail to produce viable gametes during meiosis, hybrid breakdown - in strains of cultivated rice hybrids are vigorous but plants in the next generation are small and sterile , ecological isolation  - lions and tigers could hybridise (Ligers) although this doesn't occur in the natural habitats as lions live in the grass lands and tigers live in the rainforests,

reproductive isolation

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