Evolution - Changes in species and species diversity over periods of time., Fossil evidence - Evidence/traces of past organisms stored in bed rock. Can be used to show changes in history of life on Earth based on sequence and age of fossils in rock., Endosymbiotic event - A prokaryotic cell engulfs another prokaryotic cell and lived symbiotically to form the first single-celled eukaryotic cells., Ribozyme - An RNA molecule that is able to catalyse metabolic reactions, they are self-replicating and enable genetic information to be passed on., Species - Populations that are able to interbreed and produce viable and fertile offspring., Mode of reproduction - Sexual or asexual reproduction, Interbreed - Successful fusing of gametes to produce a zygote, Fertile - Able to produce offspring, Morphological similarity - Structural similarities, Biochemical similarity - Functional, molecular similarities, Gene pool - Number of alleles in a population at any given time, Zygote - Fertilised egg cell, Pre-zygotic - Before zygote formation, Temporal isolation - Breeding at different times (seasons, nocturnal, diurnal), Behavioural isolation - Don’t respond to mating calls/rituals etc, Mechanical isolation - Physically unable to interbreed, Gamete isolation - Gamete incompatibility, Post-zygotic - After zygote formation (offspring death or infertile), Hybrid - Offspring of 2 different species, Hybrid inviability - Hybrid doesn’t survive to reproductive age, Hybrid sterility - Hybrid is unable to produce viable offspring, Comparative genomics - Comparing DNA and RNA and amino acid sequence in proteins to determine degree of similarities/differences between species, cytochrome - A common protein in many species, can be used in protein sequencing to determine evolutionary relationships between species., DNA-DNA hybridization - Technique used to measure degree of similarity between the DNA of two species., DNA sequencing - Determines sequence of bases in a section of DNA. Can be used to determine degree of similarity and therefore infer relatedness between species, Phylogenetic tree - A diagram showing evolutionary relationships between a group of organisms and patterns of decent from a common ancestor., Evolutionary relationships - Relatedness of different species over time, Natural selection - Process by which selection pressures result in variations in allele frequency in the gene pool of a population over time., Adapted - Organisms with phenotypes that are better able to survive, and produce viable offspring, changes in selection pressures., Selection pressure - External factors in the environment that limit population growth.,

Evolution Unit Part 1

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