Concave Rods - most common type of perm rod; they have a smaller diameter in the center that increases to a larger diameter on the ends, Straight Rods - are equal in diameter along their entire length or curling area, Soft Bender Rods  - usually about 12 inches (30.5 cm) long with a uniform diameter along the entire length of the rod, Loop Rod - aka circle rod, is usually about 12 inches (30.5) long with a uniform diameter along the entire length of thelong with a uniform diameter along the entire length of the, End Papers - aka end wraps, are thin absorbent papers used to control the ends of the hair when wrapping and winding hair on the perm rods, Double Flat Wrap - a perm wrap in which one end paper is placed under and another is placed over the strand of hair being wrapped., Single Flat Wrap - similar to the double flat wrap but uses only one end paper ,placed over the top of the strand of hair, Bookend Wrap - uses one end paper folded in half over the hair ends like an envelope, Base Sections - subsections of panels into which the hair is divided for perm wrapping, Base Placement - the position of the rod in relation to its base section, On-Base Placement - the hair is wrapped 45 degrees beyond perpendicular to its base section, Half Off-Base Placement - the hair is wrapped at an angle of 90 degrees or perpendicular to its base section, Off-Base placement - wrapping the hair at 45 degrees below the center of the base section, Base Direction - the angle at which the rod is positioned on the head; horizontally, vertically, or diagonally, Croquignole Perm Wrap - wrapped from the ends to the scalp in overlapping concentric layers , Spiral Perm Wrap - the hair is wrapped at an angle other than perpendicular to the length of the rod, Double-Rod Wrap - aka piggyback, the hair is wrapped on one rod from the scalp to midway down the hair shaft and another rod is wrapped with the remaining hair strand, Basic Permanent Wrap - aka straight set wrap, a wrapping pattern in which all the rods within a panel move in the same direction and are positioned on equal-sized bases, Base Control - the position of the tool in relation to its base section, determined by the angle at which the hair is wrapped, Curvature Permanent Wrap - parting and bases radiate throughout the panels to follow the curvature of the head., Bricklay Permanent Wrap - similar to the actual technique of bricklaying; bases sections are offset from each other row by row to prevent noticeable splits and to blend the flow of the hair , Weave Technique - uses zigzag partings to divide base areas,

Permanent Waving Procedures

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