Acidic Solution - A solution that has a pH below 7.0 (neutral), Alkaline Solution - A solution that has a pH above 7.0 (neutral), Alkalis - Also known as bases; compounds that react with acids to form salts., Alkanolamines - Alkaline substances used to neutralize acids or raise the pH of many hair products., Alpha Hydroxy Acids - Abbreviates AHAs: acids derived from plants (mostly fruit) that are often used to exfoliate the skin., Ammonia - Colorless gas with a pungent odor that is composed of hydrogen and nitrogen., Anion - An ion with a negative electrical charge., Atoms - The smallest chemical components often called particles of an element; structures that make up the element and have the same properties of the element., Cation - An ion with a positive electrical charge., Chemical Change - A change in the chemical composition or make-up of a substance., Chemical Properties - Characteristics that can only be determined by a chemical reaction and chemical change in the substance., Chemistry - Science that deals with the composition, structure, and properties, of mater, and how matter changes under different conditions., Combustion - Rapid oxidation of a substance, accompanied by the production of heat and light., Compound Molecules - Also known as compounds; a chemical combination of two or more atoms of different elements in definite fixed proportions., Element - The simplest form of chmical matter; an element cannot be broken down into a simpler substance without loss of identity., Elemental Molecule - Molecule containing two or more atoms of the same element in definite fixed proportions., Emulsifier - An ingredient that brings two normally incompatible materials together and binds them into a uniform and fairly stable blend., Emulsion - An unstable physical mixture of two or more immiscible substance ( substances that normally will not stay blended) plus a special ingredient called an emulsifier., Exothermic Reactions - Chemical reactions that release a significant amount of heart., Glycern - Sweet, colorless, oily substance used as a solvent and as a moisturizer in skin and body cream., Immiscible - Liquids that are not capable of being mixed together to form stable solutions., Inorganic Chemistry - The study of substances that do not contain element carbon, but may contain the element hydrogen., Ion - An atom or molecule that carries an electrical charge., Ionization - The separation of an atom or molecule into positive and negative ions, Lipophilic - Having an affinity for an attraction to fat and oils ( oil loving)., Logarithm - Multiples of ten, Matter - Any substance that occupies space and and has mass (weight)., Miscible - Liquids that are mutually soluble, meaning that they can be mixed together to form stable solutions., Molecule - A chemical combination of two or more atoms in definite fixed proportions., Oil-in-Water Emulsion - Abbreviated O/W emulsion; oil droplets emulsified in water., Organic Chemistry - The study of substance that contain the element carbon., Oxidation - A chemical reaction that combines a substance with oxygen to produce an oxide., Oxidation-Reduction - Also known as redo; a chemical reaction in which the oxidizing agent is reduced by losing oxygen and the reducing agent is oxidized by gaining oxygen., Oxidizing Agent - Substance that releases oxygen, pH - The abbreviation used for potential hydrogen. pH represents the quantity of hydrogen ions., pH Scale - A measure of the acidity and alkalinity of a substance; the pH scale has a range of 0 to 14 , with 7 being neutral. a pH below 7 is acidic solution; a pH above 7 is alkaline solution., Physical Mixture - A physical combination of matter in any proportion. , Physical Properties - Characteristics that can be determined without a chemical reaction and that do not cause a chemical change in the substance., Pure Substance - A chemical combination of matter in definite fixed proportions.., Reducing Agent - A substance that adds hydrogen to a chemical compound or subtracts oxygen from the compound., Reduction - The process through which oxygen is subtracted from or hydrogen is added to a substance through a chemical reaction., Reduction Reaction - A chemical reaction in which oxygen is subtracted from or hydrogen is added to a substance., Silicones - Special tupe of oil used in hair conditioners, water-resistant lubricants for the skin, and nail polish dryers., Solute - The substance that is dissolved in a solution., Solution - A stable physical mixture of two or more substances., Solvent - The substance that dissolves the solute and makes a solution., States of Matter - The three different physical forms of matter-solid, liquid, and gas., Surfactants - A contraction of surface active agent; substances that allow oil and water to mix, or emulsify., Suspensions - Unstable physical mixtures of undissolved particles in a liquid., Thioglycolic Acid - A colorless liquid or white crystals with a strong unpleasant odor that is used in permanent waving solutions., Volatile Alcohols - Alcohols that evaporate easily. , Volatile Organic Compounds - Abbreviated VOCs; compounds that contain carbon organic and evaporate very easily., Water-in-oil-Emulsion - Abbreviated W/O emulsion; water droplets are emulsified in oil.,

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