1) The natural process by which something takes place. a) Mechanism b) Natural Selection c) Competition d) Any change in the DNA of a gene or a chromosome. 2) What was Darwin dissatisfied with after his return to England? a) Artificial Selection b) Theory of Evolution c) Natural Selection d) Epigenetic Changes 3) In artificial selection, what trait is selectively bred in animals? a) Size b) Color c) Speed d) Shell hardness 4) What did Darwin breed to demonstrate artificial selection? a) Cats with long tails b) Dogs with fast running ability c) Pigeons with large tails d) Fish with bright colors 5) What did Darwin hope to achieve through artificial selection? a) Increase population b) Produce desirable traits c) Reduce competition d) Eliminate variations 6) What concept did Darwin understand after reading Thomas Malthus's essay? a) Genetic mutations b) Overpopulation c) Artificial Selection d) Epigenetic Changes 7) What are the three factors affecting natural selection according to Darwin? a) Underproduction, Consistency, Cooperation b) Overproduction, Variation, Competition c) Uniformity, Adaptation, Cooperation d) Mutations, Overproduction, Selection 8) What is the struggle among living things for resources in natural selection called? a) Collaboration b) Cooperation c) Competition d) Adaptation 9) How do variations become hereditary according to Darwin? a) Through environmental changes b) Through epigenetic changes c) Through sexual reproduction d) Through artificial selection 10) What did Darwin hypothesize about the source of variations? a) Environmental changes b) Epigenetic changes c) Genetic mutations d) Tiny particles from parents 11) Epicgenetics is the study of small changes to DNA that turn genes on or off but do not change the genetic code itself. a) True b) False 12) To get a new variation, there must be a ______ a) Natural selection b) Gene mutation c) Artificial Selection d) Genetic Mutation 13) A type of natural selection that acts on an organism’s ability to get the best possible mate. a) Gene Selection b) Sexual selection c) Fitness d) Artificial Selection 14) What is the measure of an individual's fitness in terms of evolution? a) Ability to adapt b) Ability to survive and reproduce c) Number of offspring d) Physical strength 15) How do organisms that reproduce sexually differ from those that reproduce asexually? a) They can reproduce on their own b) They need a mate to blend genes c) They have a shorter lifespan d) They produce more offspring 16) In female choice, what do females select mates based on? a) Physical strength b) Bright feathers c) Body size d) Territory control 17) What can result from male competition in species? a) Bright feathers in males b) Exaggerated horns, pincers, or body size c) Reduced aggression d) Increased cooperation 18) What is coevolution, and how does it occur? a) Evolution of a single species b) Evolution of two or more species in response to changes in each other c) Evolution of isolated species d) Evolution of asexual reproduction 19) In coevolution, what example is provided with acacia trees and ants? a) Acacia trees evolving alone b) Ants evolving hollow thorns c) Mutual protection between acacia trees and ants d) Competition between acacia trees and ants 20) What do fossils preserve? a) Impressions of organisms b) The original organism c) Both A and B d) None of the above 21) What is the term for fossils that preserve the shape and structure of an organism? a) Trace Fossils b) Petrified Fossils c) Body Fossils d) Cast Fossils 22) What is the process by which scientists can observe small, gradual changes in a population's traits? a) Macroevolution b) Microevolution c) Coevolution d) Sexual Selection 23) What is a protein composed of? a) Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen b) Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen c) Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Sulfur d) Nitrogen, Oxygen, Sulfur 24) Define endosymbiosis. a) A process of protein synthesis b) A relationship between two species c) An organism living inside another organism's cell d) The study of genetic material 25) How did Darwin and his contemporaries study evolution? a) Using advanced microscopes b) With hand tools c) Through computers d) By analyzing DNA 26) What is LUCA in the context of evolution? a) A protein structure b) Last Universal Common Ancestor c) A cellular organelle d) A type of genetic material 27) What do genes code for? a) Proteins b) Fossils c) Organelles d) DNA 28) How do changes in proteins contribute to evolution? a) They cause mutations in genes b) They lead to variations within a population c) They stop the process of evolution d) They have no impact on evolution 29) How do scientists analyze proteins to determine species relatedness? a) By comparing protein structures b) By analyzing fossils c) By studying embryos d) By examining body structures 30) What is gene transfer between species? a) Inheriting genes from parents b) Passing traits between individuals of the same species c) Passing genes between individuals of different species d) Mutations in genes 31) What is the process of one bacterium passing on antibiotic resistance to a different species called? a) Endosymbiosis b) Protein Analysis c) Gene Transfer d) Symbiosis

Natural Selection

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