had to - I _ leave early this morning., didn't need to - I _ go to bed so early, but I was tired., needn't have - I _ told her. She already knew., should have studied - He failed his exams. He _ harder., must have been - Norman wasn’t at home. He _ on his way to work., couldn't have been - James _ on holiday. I saw his wife at the supermarket., shouldn't have been - The price _ $10. It’s usually much more., can't have missed - Andrew_ his train. He got there 10 minutes early.,

MODAL VERBS - past forms

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