What are ions? - charged particles formed when an atom loses or gains electrons, what is the charge of an ion which has gained electrons? - negative , what are molecular ions? - covalently bonded atoms that lose or gain electrons, which electrons are lost when an atom becomes a positive ion ? - electrons in highest energy levels, do metal usually lose or gain electrons? - lose electrons (to form positive ions, define ionic bonding - electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions , what determines the strength of an ionic bond? - ionic radius and ionic charge (stronger = small ion and higher charge), Do ionic compounds conduct electricity ? - Yes , when aqueous or molten, define covalent bonding - electrostatic attraction between a shared pair of electrons and the nuclei, define metallic bonding - electrostatic attraction between positive metal ions and delocalised electrons, In what type of solvent do ionic lattices dissolve? - polar, what is the effect of multiple covalent bonds on bond length and strength? - shorter and stronger, what is a lone pair ? - electrons in outer shell , not involved in bonding , what is a dative covalent bond? - a bond where both electrons are donated by one atom, simple molecular structures dissolve in what type of solvent? - non-polar solvents, define electronegativity - the ability of an atom to attract the pair of electrons in a covalent bond, does electronegativity increase or decrease across a period? - increase, does electronegativity increase or decrease down a group? - decrease, what does it mean when a bond is non-polar? - electrons are evenly distributed, how are polar bonds formed ? - bondng atoms have different electronegativities ,

Bonding Revision

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