empire - a group of territories or people under one ruler, irrigation - the artificial supply of water to agricultural land in areas that receive little rainfall, agriculture - another word for farming that includes raising and harvesting crops and farm animals, city-state - a small independent area that governs itself independently separate from neighboring countries, civilization - a group of people, living together in an area with their own government, economics and language and way of life, fertile crescent - Mesopotamia or the cradle of civilization; a boomerang shaped civilization along the fertile Tigris, Euphrates and Nile river valleys of the Middle East, ziggurat - an ancient Mesopotamian stepped temple tower located in the center of cities and used as place of worship, monotheism - belief in only one God, polytheism - Belief in more than one god, Hammurabi - Ruler of Babylon - wrote first known set of rules to guide citizens in everyday life, Sargon - established the first empire in history, Epic of Gilgamesh - long poem that told the stories of heroes, surplus - more than what is needed, silt - a mixture of small rocks and rich soil left by flood waters, achievements of Mesopotamia - the first cities, the wheel, cuneiform, calendar, , kings and priests - power and authority of rulers in river valley civilizations,

Rise of River Valley Civilizations

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