State courts of limited jurisdiction - Courts that have jurisdiction over misdemeanors and conduct preliminary, Courts of general jurisdiction - State or federal courts that have jurisdiction over felony offenses and more serious civil cases . , Appellate court - A court that reconsider a case that has already been tried to determine whether the measure used complied with accepted rules of criminal procedures and were in accordance with constitutional doctrines , Court last resort - A court that handles the final appeals on a matter , Writ of certiorari - An order of a superior court requesting that the record of inferior court (or administrative body ) be brought forward for review or inspection , Landmark decision  - A decision handled down by the US supreme court that becomes the law of the land and serves as a precedent for resolving similar issue , Jury Trial  - The processes of deciding a case by group of persons of persons selected and sworn in to serve as jurors as a criminal trials , often a 6 or 12 person jury , US magistrate judge - A federal trial judge who is appointed by a district court judge and who presides over various civil case with consent of the parties and over certain misdemeanor cases , Missouri Plan - A method picking judges through nonpartisan elections as a way to ensure that judges adhere to a high standard of judicial performance ., Prosecutor  - Representative of the state in criminal proceeding advocate for the sate case the charges in the adversary trial, Public defender  - An attorney employed by the government to represent a person who can not afford counsel , Adversarial procedure - The process of publicly pitting the prosecution and the defense against one another in pursuit of the truth , Sixth Amendment - the US constitutional amendment containing various criminal trial rights, such as the right to public trial , the right to trial by jury , and the right to confrontation of witness , Gideon v. Wainwright - The 1963 US Supreme Court case that granted counsel to indigent defendants in felony prosecutions ., Assigned counsel - Lawyer appointed by the court to represent a defendant in a criminal case if they can not afford counsel , Contract system (attorney) - Providing counsel to the indigent offenders by having attorneys under contract to the country handle cases .,

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