DNA Polymerase, Enzyme that joins DNA nucleotides together (condensation reaction forming phosphodiester bonds) during DNA replication, Primers, A short single stranded sequence of nucleotides with bases complementary to the start of the DNA fragment, Modified nucleotides, Have a different structure to DNA nucleotides. DNA replication will stop if DNA polymerase encounters them, Sanger sequencing, The chain termination method of DNA sequencing developed by Sanger and his colleagues in 1970, High throughput sequencing, Advances in modern technology has allowed  scientists to RAPIDLY sequence genomes of organisms, Automated sequencing, Modern sequencing techniques involve all 4 modified nucleotides being involved in a single reaction. Each has a unique fluorescent label.., Anneal, When the primer binds to complementary DNA at the start of the DNA to be sequenced., Gel electrophoresis, Method used to separate DNA fragments by length, Next generation sequencing, Any method of sequencing that has replaced the Sanger method (not high-throughput as this is still based on Sanger sequencing), Advantages of next generation sequencing, Much faster and therefore less costly (0.1% cost of chain termination methods), If test strand after sequencing has base sequence ATTCGTCAG, Original template strand must have complementary sequence TAAGCAGTC.

DNA Sequencing

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