Ribose - The sugar found in RNA nuclotides, RNA - A single stranded nucleic acid, Uracil - A base found only in RNA, it pairs with Adenine., mRNA - A type of RNA that carries a copy of the DNA code from the nucleus to the ribosome, tRNA - A type of RNA that carries its specific amino acid to the ribosome, rRNA - A type of RNA that combines with proteins to form the ribosome., Codon - A triplet of bases found on mRNA that codes for a specific amino acid., Anticodon - A triplet of exposed bases found on tRNA that codes for a specific amino acid, RNA polymerase - The enzyme that moves along DNA unwinding the double helix and breaking the hydrogen bonds between the bases. It then synthesises a primary transcript of mRNA from RNA nucleotides by complementary base pairing., Primary mRNA transcript - The first form of mRNA transcribed from the DNA. It contains introns and exons., Mature mRNA transcript - The mRNA formed after RNA splicing. It contains only the exons., Intron - A non-coding region of mRNA. It is removed during RNA splicing, Exon - A coding region of mRNA, they are joined together during RNA splicing to form the mature mRNA transcript, RNA splicing - A process in which introns are removed from the primary mRNA transcript and exons are joined together to form the mature mRNA transcript., Start codon - The codon that begins translation, Stop codon - The codon that ends translation, Translation - A process in which the DNA code carried on the mature mRNA transcript is used to join amino acids in a particular sequence make a specific polypeptide at the ribosome., Peptide bond - The bond that joins amino acids together to form the polypeptide, Ribosome - The site of translation, Nucleus - The site of transcription and RNA splicing, Complementary base pairing - Pairing that takes place between codons and anticodons during translation to line up the amino acids in a specific order., Alternative RNA splicing - A type of splicing in which different mature mRNA transcripts are produced from the same primary transcript depending on which exons are retained., Hydrogen bonds - The bonds that hold the folded polypeptide in place to form the protein.,

Gene Expression Key Terms

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