1) Which is not true about innate immunity? a) No recognition to specific invaders b) No memory component c) 1st and 2nd lines of defense d) 3rd line of defense 2) Adaptive (developed) immunity a) does not recognize specific invaders. b) consists of your 3rd line of defense. c) does not have a memory component. d) consists of the 1st and 2nd lines of defense. 3) Dendritic Cells bridge the gap between innate and adaptive and a) is found in tissues in contact with the external environment b) does not travel to lymph nodes to present the antigens to the B and T cells c) is the same as innate community d) is the same as adaptive immunity 4) 1st line of defense does not include a) skin b) mucous membrane c) urine d) saliva e) neutrophils f) perspiration 5) Lacrimal fluid is part of a) 1st line of defense b) 2nd line of defense c) sebum d) acquired immunity e) physical barriers 6) Mucous membranes are part of a) 1st line of defense b) 2nd line of defense c) sebum d) acquired immunity e) chemical barriers 7) These cells are part of the 2nd line of defense. a) T lymphocytes b) B lymphocytes c) antibodies d) antigens e) Natural Killer cells 8) Neutrophils and macrophages a) are part of the 2nd line of defense b) are phagocytes c) have specific cellular defenses d) A and B e) A, B, and C 9) These cells are the first responders to an infection and make up pus. a) macrophages b) T lymphocytes c) neutrophils d) B lymphocytes e) natural killer cells 10) Which of these provides a non-specific cellular disease resistance mechanism? a) macrophages b) T lymphocytes c) B lymphocytes d) memory B cells e) helper T cells 11) Which of these produce immunoglobulins? a) macrophages b) neutrophils c) helper T cells d) plasma B cells e) memory T cells f) natural killer cells 12) These are used to kill a wide variety of infected body cells and tumor cells. a) natural killer cells b) antibodies c) macrophages d) neutrophils e) mucus f) urine 13) Which of the following is NOT a sign of inflammation? a) redness b) pain c) heat d) mucus production e) swelling 14) Which type of immunity defends against any type of invader? a) nonspecific immunity b) specific immunity c) cell mediated immunity d) antibody (humoral) immunity 15) Lymphocytes normally respond to a) self cells b) foreign cells c) B cells d) T cells e) macrophages f) natural killer cells 16) This is characterized by the inability of the immune system to protect the body from a pathogen. a) immunodeficiency disease b) allergy c) autoimmune disease d) transplantation 17) Which of the following is NOT a  chemical barrier in the immune system's 1st line of defense? a) gastric juice b) lacrimal fluid c) sebum d) saliva e) mucus 18) How does a fever affect microbes (bacteria)? a) It slows them down when moving. b) It dehydrates them. c) It slows their growth. d) It makes them sweat. 19) Not long after stepping on a nail, you see pus draining from the wound. What is pus made of? a) interstitial fluid b) mucus c) dead neutrophils d) platelets e) blood 20) The phagocytes that migrate to an infected area to cause inflammation are a) basophils and mast cells b) neutrophils and basophils c) neutrophils and macrophages d) macrophages and lymphocytes 21) With innate immunity, 1st and 2nd lines of defense are involved and. a) there is no recognition to specific invaders b) specificity and memory are involved c) the body is already immune to a disease d) antibodies are immediately produced 22) What cells respond if the same pathogen infects your body a second time? a) neutrophils b) macrophages c) natural killer cells d) memory cells e) phagocytes 23) The activation of B cells a) leads to the activation of helper T cells b) results in the production of cytotoxic cells c) results in the production of antibodies d) results in the activation of phagocytes 24) Cell-mediated immunity involves a) memory B cells b) macrophages c) cytotoxic T cells d) mast cells 25) Which type of cells releases perforins and granzymes? a) T lymphocytes b) B lymphocytes c) natural killer cells d) phagocytes 26) When the skin is punctured, the inflammatory response begins with a) the presence of immunoglobins in the body fluids b) the release of chemicals by pathogens c) the activation of the complement system d) the activation of specific T cells and B cells 27) This class of antibodies is the first produced after exposure to antigens during the primary immune response. a) IgA b) IgE c) IgM d) IgD e) IgG 28) A baby developing in the womb has _______________ immunity because it receives _____________ antibodies from its mother, the only ones that can cross the placenta. a) natural passive, IgE b) artifical active, IgA c) antibody-mediated, IgM d) natural passive, IgG 29) An antibody molecule a) has three carbohydrate chains b) has both dark and light chains c) has a variable region that can bind to a specific antigen d) has a constant region that binds to any antigen 30) In what ways do mast cells participate in the tissue defense? a) secretion of suppression factors that inhibit the immune response b) stimulation and coordination of inflammation by release of histamine c) antigen presentation bound to special proteins d) destruction of cell membranes containing abnormal antigens 31) A severe allergic response can lead to a) phagocytosis b) anaphylaxis c) passive immunity d) active immunity 32) A vaccination is a way of acquiring a) passive natural immunity b) active natural immunity c) active artificial immunity d) passive artificial immunity 33) When an immune response mistakenly targets normal body cells and tissues, the result is a) the development of an allergy b) immune system failure c) an autoimmune disorder d) decreased inflammation 34) To which of the following would the immune system NOT respoond? a) physical injury to the skin b) strep throat c) cancerous cell in the lung d) influenze virus e) low blood flow to the kidney 35) Which of the following is an effect of aging on the immune system? a) a decrease in immunosurveillance activity, leading to higher rates of cancer b) atrophy of the thymus, leading to fewer T cells in circulation c) a decrease in available B cells, leading to susceptibility to viral and bacterial infection d) all of the above are effects of aging on the immune system 36) Which of the following is a benefit of vaccinations? a) It provides immunity without having to experience the symptoms and complications of the disease. b) The pathogen can’t spread through vaccination. c) It is cheaper to prevent a disease than to treat it. d) Herd immunity - the more people that are vaccinated in an area, the less likely the disease spread and therefore show in the area. e) Those with weak immune systems have less chance of getting the disease around vaccinated individuals. f) All of the above are benefits of vaccinations 37) Because the helper T cells are infected in those with HIV, a) mast cells release an excess amount of histamine. b) all the immune cells in the body are destroyed. c) other immune cells can not be activated. d) neutrophils are unable to initiate the inflammation response. 38) All the following are reasons why vaccines may not be effective EXCEPT a) incorrect antigen prediction when making the vaccine. b) antigenic concealment so it can not be detected. c) vaccines are not effective against bacterial diseases. d) some vaccines need booster shots to develop full immunity. 39) Once people develop AIDS, they tend to die as a result of a) lack of helper T cells b) an opportunistic infection c) excessive inflammation d) an autoimmune disease 40) Which of the following has the autoimmune disorder correctly paired with the organ/tissue that it impacts? a) Multiple sclerosis – Beta cells b) Vitiligo – melanocytes c) Type 1 Diabetes – intestinal cells d) Celiac disease – myelin sheath

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