Thermionic emission - emission of electrons from the surface of a hot metal, Electron-Volt - The amount of energy gained by an electron being accelerated a potential difference of 1 Volt (1eV = 1.6x10-19), Photoelectric emission - The emission of an electron from the surface of a metal when a light of suitable frequency falls on it, Photon - a packet of electromagnetic energy, Work Function - the minimum energy required by a photon to remove an electron from the surface of a metal by photoelectric emission, Threshold frequency - The minimum frequency required for photoemission to occur, Einstein's photoelectric law - photon energy = work function+maximum kinetic energy of emitted electron, X-Rays - High frequency photons of electromagnetic radiation, Atomic Number - number of protons in the nucleus of an atom of that element, Mass Number - the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of that atom, Isotope - Atoms that have the same atomic number but different mass numbers, Radioactivity - The decay of a nucleus of an atom with the emission of one or more of three types of radiation (alpha, beta, gamma), Activity - The number of nuclei of a radioactive substance that are decaying per second, Becquerel - The unit of activity = one radioactive disintegration per second , Law of radioactive Decay - The number of disintegrations per second is directly proportional to the number of nuclei present , Half-life - The half life of a radioactive isotope is the time taken for half of the nuclei present to decay, Nuclear fission - The splitting of a large nucleus into two smaller nuclei with the emission of neutrons and large amounts of energy, Chain reaction - a self-sustaining reaction where the release of one or more neutrons causes further fission, Nuclear fusion - The joining together of two light nuclei to form a larger nucleus with the emission of large amounts of energy, Energy-mass equivalence - E=mc2, Lepton - A point particle that does not experience the strong force, Hadron - a particle made of quarks = baryons and mesons, Baryon - a particle composed of three quarks, Meson - a particle composed of a quark and an anti-quark, Anti-matter - a particle with the same mass as a particle but opposite charge, Pair Production - a particle and its antiparticle are created from a high-energy photon, Pair Annihilation - a particle and antiparticle are converted to two equal photons of energy (travelling in opposite directions), Four forces of nature - Strong nuclear, electromagnetic, Weak nuclear, Gravitational, Strong Nuclear (range, what it acts on) - Short, quarks(not leptons, Electromagnetic (range, what it acts on) - Infinite, charged particles, Weak Nuclear (range, what it acts on) - Short, All, Gravitational (range, what it acts on) - Infinite, All,

Particle/Modern physics definitions

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