1) Characteristics of a Von Neumann architecture . Select all true statements  a) both data and instructions are stored in the same memory space, b) data and instructions have their own dedicated buses, enabling simultaneous access to both data and instructions, thereby potentially improving performance c) data and instructions are stored in separate memory spaces d) data and instructions are accessed via a single bus, allowing instructions to be fetched and executed sequentially 2) Characteristics of CPU , Select all true statements  a) is a piece of software that runs on the operating system b) Serves as the brain of the computer  c) Performs arithmetic, logic, and control operations d) is made of silicon, semiconductor, so voltage moves through it e) Executes instructions fetched from memory f) coordinating the operations of other hardware components 3) Characteristics of Control Unit , Select all true statements a) is made of transistors  b) directs the flow of data and instructions within the CPU c) decodes instructions, coordinates execution, and manages the operation of other components like the ALU and registers  d) uses binary to decode and direct the operations 4) Characteristics of ALU , Select all true statements a) carries out arithmetic and logical operations on data received from memory or registers, b) uses state registers to keep track of the sums c) keeps track of running totals/ scores, counters d) automates the performing of complex calculations e) is a digital circuit that uses logic gates and binary f) red flags binary overflows for the CPU to deal with 5) Characteristics of Cache Registers ((MDR,MAR,CIR) , Select all true statements a) help with transferring data and instructions between the CPU and memory and  b) the registers use data buses to move data and instructions around c) Secondly the data is sent along a bus to the memory data register d) First the data and instructions is held in the memory address e) Next, a copy of the data is held in the current instruction register f) next, the memory address held in the program counter is copied into the memory address register 6) Characteristics of RAM , Select all true statements a) reads and writes information quickly b) needs a power supply or unsaved data will be lost c) provides volatile storage for data and program instructions that the CPU needs to access quickly, d) once a pc is shipped additional RAM cannot be added 7) Characteristics of ROM , Select all true statements a) necessary for communication between the operating system and hardware peripherals, b) stores permanent system instructions c) is virtual memory d) is not volatile  e) needed for functions such as booting up the computer f) needed for system configuration  8) Characteristics of OS , Select all true statements a) needs a driver or CD to be installed b) provides a user interface c) allows applications to load d) can be Windows, Linux, iOS e) manages system resources like files, peripherals  f) schedules tasks to execute in order 9) Characteristics of Cache L1 , Select all true statements a) small capacity but fast cache memory located within or very close to the CPU b) storing frequently accessed data and instructions to increase system speed c) good for system performance d) inexpensive 10) Characteristics of Cache L2 , Select all true statements a) additional storage for frequently used data and instructions b) larger capacity but slower cache memory located outside the CPU but still on the processor chip c) reducing memory access times d) very expensive e) unreliable f) improving computational efficiency 11) Characteristics of Cache L3 , Select all true statements a) large cache memory shared among multiple CPU cores or across the entire CPU b) cheaper cost than other cache levels c) susceptible to viruses d) accelerate speeds of data access and improve overall system e) easily corrupted / data lost 12) Characteristics of BIOS , Select all true statements a) will show a boot menu is system issues b) checks hardware components during the boot process c) means basic input/output system d) helps communication between the operating system and hardware peripherals e) needed for system startup and configuration 13) Characteristics of HDD & SDD , Select all true statements a) store data persistently b) SSDs use flash memory c) SDDs use read/write heads, d) HDDs using spinning magnetic disks e) SDD's are more expensive but are more robust than HDD f) HDD are more energy efficient and consume less power 14) Characteristics of Virtual Memory , Select all true statements a) is a resource management approach b) helps avoid a system crash when multiple operations and applications running at once c) can be used when the physical memory becomes full d) identifies less frequently used data and instructions and moves then elsewhere, making space for part of the HDD to be used as RAM ( temporarily) e) expands the available RAM f) will damage the pc components

Computer Systems

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