gaMEte - A sex cell. In humans, they are sperm and eggs (ova). Produced by MEiosis, chromosome - Contained inside the cell's nucleus. These are long threads of DNA, which are made up of many genes., gene - A small section of DNA on a chromosome, that codes for a particular sequence of amino acids, to make a specific protein. It is the unit of heredity, and may be copied and passed on to the next generation., allele - Different versions of the same gene are called...., dominant allele - Always expressed, even if only one copy is present. Represented by a capital letter, for example, A., recessive allele - Only expressed if the individual has two copies and does not have the dominant allele of that gene. Represented by a lower case letter, for example, a., homozygous - Same two alleles for example AA or aa, heterozygous - Two different alleles for the same characteristic, for example Aa., genotype - The collection of alleles that determine characteristics, phenotype - Expression of the genotype., mutation - A rare and random change in the DNA / gene,

Genetic inheritance terminology - definition given list - Edexcel iGCSE

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