1) A heterozygous tall (T) plant s crossed at with a short ptant (t), The probability that offspring ptants wil be talls a) 25% b) 50% c) 100 d) 75% 2) Alleles are a) Homologous chromosomes b) Linked genes c) Altemate forms of genes d) Chromosomes that have crossed over 3) In DNA Thymine pairs with a) Cytosine b) Adenine c) Uracil d) Guanine 4) The geometrical device that helps to find out althe possible combinations of male and female gametes is known as a) Punnett Square b) Bateson Square c) Mendel Square 5) The idea that for any particular trait, the pair of alleles of each parent separate and only one allele from each parent passes to an offspring is Mendel's principle of. a) hybridization b) separation c) independent assortment d) segregation 6) The process of crossing of two genetically different individuals a) Hybridization b) Generation c) Fertilization d) Segregation 7) The tendency of an offspring to resemble its parent is known as a) Inheritance b) Resemblance c) Heredity d) Variation 8) Who are more to suffer from x-linked disease and why a) females , because the have two x chromosomes b) males , because the have two x chromosomes c) females , because the have one x chromosomes d) males , because the have one x chromosomes 9) When a plant breeder crossed two red roses, 78% of the offspring had red flowers and 22% had white fowers. According to these resulits, the allele for red flowers is most likely. a) Dominant b) Recessive c) Sex-linked d) Codominant 10) Which of the following DNA strands is the complementary strand to ATGCATGA a) UACGUACU b) TAATUAUAG c) TACGTACT d) CATAGTAA 11) Which of the following would be classified as the purines? a) thymine and Cytosine b) Adenine and Guanine c) Adenine and Thymine d) Adenine and Cytosine 12) During translation, which site in the ribosome allows for tRNA moeicules to enter the complex? a) E site b) A site c) R site d) P site 13) On which of the following molecules could you find an anticodon? a) mRNA b) rRNA c) TRNA d) miRNA 14) Transcription takes place in a) Nucleus b) Cytoplasm c) Ribosomes d) ER 15) What are exons? a) Intervening non-coding segments ot DNA b) Site where repressor proteins bind c) Coding sequence for an amino acid that will form a functional protein d) Initiation site for transcription 16) What event is indicative of transcription initiation? a) Codon recognition b) RNA polymerase binds to the promoter c) The RNA strand begins to be synthesized d) RNA polymerase is removed from the DNA 17) What is capping a) addition of a poly(A) tail to the5 b) Addition of a methylated guanine cap to the 5' c) Addition of a methylated guanine cap to the 3" d) Addition of a poly(A) tail to the 3* 18) Which amino acid is the "start" amino acid in a peptide chain? a) Threonine b) Methionine c) Tyrosine d) Arginine 19) Which of the following is not a type of RNA? a) mRNA b) CRNA c) tRNA d) rRNA 20) Where the upstream sequence are located a) prior the start point  b) after the start point c) In the middle of RNA d) In the middle of DNA 21) Which of the following is not stop codon a) UAA b) UGA c) ATG d) UAG 22) Which of the following processes is not a type of RNA processing carried out by eukaryotes a) Nucleotide excision repair b) Capping of the 5' end c) Splicing and removal of introns d) Polyadenylation of the 3' end 23) A nucleotide consists of a) Nitrogen base b) Nitrogen base and sugar c) Nitrogen base, sugar, and phosphate d) Nitrogen bases, sugar, and potassium 24) TGT (CYS)-> TGG (TRP), What is the type of this mutation? a) Non sense b) Missense c) Frame shift d) Silent 25) Which of the following enzyme opens the DNA at the replication fork a) Helicase b) Primase c) Polymerase d) SSBP 26) Which of the following structure does Transcription take place in? a) Nucleus b) Cytoplasm c) Ribosome d) Endoplasmic reticulum 27) Which of the following coat the DNA around the replication fork  a) Helicase b) Primase c) Polymerase d) SSBP 28) What is the name of the bonds hold the two DNA strands together a) Hydrogen bonds b) Ester bonds c) Phosphodiester bond d) Disulpher bond 29) How many codons are needed to specify three amino acids? a) 3 b) 9 c) 6 d) 12 30) How many pairs of chromosomes are in a human body cell? a) 46 b) 23 c) 12 d) 22 31) Which of the following polymerases is involved in transcription? a) RNA Pol.l b) RNA Pol ll c) RNA Pol Ill d) DNA pol I 32) How many proteins will be coded in this MRNA GCAUGGCGCUC a) 3 b) 4 c) 2 d) 5 e) wtf 33) A person with a genotype AA. What will be the genetic inheritance? a) Homozygous dominant b) Homozygous recessive c) Heterozygous d) Haploid 34) Which of the following process is not involved in post transcription modification a) Capping b) Polyadenylation c) Methylation d) Splicing 35) What is the name of the modification at the 5' end of Eukaryotic pre-RNA? a) Capping b) Polyadenylation c) Methylation d) Splicing 36) Which of the following is mRNA codon of Methionine a) AGU b) AGG c) AGA d) AUG 37) What are the chances of an offspring being a boy or a girl? a) 25 b) 50 c) 75 d) 30 38) Semi-conservative means a) One strand is old, one strand new b) One strand opposite to the other strand c) Both strands are new d) One strand complementary to the other strand 39) Which of the following works at the region ahead of the replication fork to prevent supercoiling a) Helicase b) Primase c) Topoisomerase d) SSB 40) Which of the following are classified as purines? a) Adenine and Cytosine b) Adenine and Guanine c) Thymine and Cytosine d) Adenine and Thymine 41) Which of the following enzyme used to join bits of DNA? a) DNA polymerase b) DNA ligase c) Primase d) Endonuclease 42) What is the correct sequence of steps in the central dogma a) RNA- Protein - RNA b) DNA- protein - RNA c) DNA- RNA- protein d) Protein- RNA - DNA 43) Which of the following is Okazaki fragments? a) Leading strand b) Lagging strands c) Short DNA stretch d) Short RNA stretch 44) Which of the following are Pyramidines? a) Adenine and Guanine b) Adenine and Thyamine c) Cytosine and Thyamine d) Guanine and Thyamine 45) The type of gene that always shows itself is called a a) powerful gene b) dominant c) recessive d) homozygous 46) in double-stranded RNA, Adenine is bind to a) Thymine b) Guanine c) Cytosine d) Uracil 47) Genes for a trait that are hidden when the dominant gene is present are called a) dominant b) recessive c) homozygous d) heterozygous 48) Male organisms have a) Two x chromosomes b) Two y chromosomes c) One x and two y chromosome d) One x and one y chromosome 49) A woman that is a carrier of colorblindness mates with a man that is colorblind. What percent chance will their offspring be colorblind? a) 25% b) 50% c) 75% d) 100% 50) Nucleoside contains a) Nitrogen base and sugar b) sugar and phosphate c) nitrogen base and phosphate d) nitrogen base, sugar, and phosphate 51) According to the dihybrid cross below, what proportion of peas would be green and smooth? a) 9/16 b) 1/4 c) 3/8 d) 1/16 52) Which of the following enzyme removes sections of RNA primer and replaces with DNA nucleotides a) DNA polymerase I b) DNA polymerase II c) DNA polymerase III d) DNA polymerase IV 53) All the following are correct regarding DNA Polymerase, except a) builds the new strand of DNA in a 5’ to 3’ direction by adding matching nucleotides b) They can only add nucleotides to the 5' end of a DNA strand c) They can't start making a DNA chain from scratch d) They proofread, or check their work, removing wrong nucleotides 54) All the following are true about the structure of DNA except a) strands of DNA are contained in chromosomes inside the nucleus of a cell. b) Every DNA nucleotide contains a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen base. c) DNA consists of one strand of nucleotides joined by hydrogen bonds. d) The long strands of nucleotides are twisted into a double helix. 55) Name the following nitrogen based a) Adenine b) Guanine c) Thymine d) cytocine 56) Name the following nitrogen based a) Adenine b) Guanine c) Thymine d) cytocine 57) Name the following nitrogen based a) Adenine b) Guanine c) Thymine d) cytocine 58) Name the following nitrogen based a) Adenine b) Guanine c) Thymine d) cytocine 59) When two heterozygous alleles are fully expressed this is know as a) recessive b) Dominant c) carrier d) codominant 60) The ..................... is the set of observable characteristics and is the sum of genetics and environmental effect a) geneotype b) phenotype c) phenotype and genotypoe d) neither genotype and phenotype 61) Lagging strand a) is synthesized in ‘5-3’ b) is synthesized continuously in the direction of replication c) is synthesized continuously in opposite direction of replication d) is synthesized in the ‘3-5’ direction 62) After transcription RNA is not stable, which of the following is added to RNA a) Poly(A) tail to the 3 end b) Guanine cap to 3 end c) Poly A tail to the 5 end d) Guanine cap to the 5 end 63) All the following are correct regarding DNA Polymerase, except a) builds the new strand of DNA in a 5’ to 3’ direction by adding matching nucleotides b) They can only add nucleotides to the 5' end of a DNA strand c) They can't start making a DNA chain from scratch d) They proofread, or check their work, removing wrong nucleotides 64) Which type of mutation is causing chronic myeloid leukemia a) Translocation  b) inversion c) Deletiod d) Duplication 65) in translation multiple codons for a single amino acid is referred to a) Degeneracy b) No punctuation c) Geneation d) Non overlapping

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