Plato - Chariot allegory. Innatist, reminiscence theory= all knowledge exists before, learned by the soul in hyperuranion where ideas reside, Aristotle - Soul has 3 components:nutritive, sensible, rational. Empiricist. Father of memory research: associations. Experience is key, Hippocrates & Galen - 4 types of personalities: 4 humors= blood,bile,phlegm,blackbile. Physical + character, Descartes - Innatist- knowledge comes from innate ideas. Dualism between soul (res cogitans) and body (res extensa) which meet at the pineal gland (seat of the soul, thoughts born here). Behavior is mechanistic, reflexes, no soul interest). , Thomas Willis - coined the term 'Neurology', described pathologies e.g epilepsy, brain and NS description, listed cranial nerves, Willis circle. Cortex=cognition, Hobbes,Locke,Hume - empiricism, tabula rasa, associative principles to create knowledge, thought and perception=experience shapes mind. , Wundt - Leipzig experimental lab, systematisation of psychology: rejected subjectivism but used introspection as main method. Psychophysical parallelism: mental and physical processes are parallel, change together. Chronoscope, RTs, Titchner - Structuralist, Mind=sum of its components, we have to decompose it through introspection. Elements of consciousness e.g sensations, states- formulated elementist criterion (consciousness decomposed), William James - Functionalism. First to offer a formal psychology course. How mind works for roganism to adapt. Mental activities are related to storage, organisation, evaluation of experiences, guide behavior. Global and dynamic processes, Weber - Psychophysics: how to measure the mind. Minimum amount of stimulus intensity to changed for subject to see perception difference , Fechner - Psychophysics: there is a constant that determines the noticeable difference in perception, varies across people, applied to many areas, Von Helmholtz - Physiology: vision, hearing: models for their functions. Measured impulse velocity in frog's nerves- role of axon diameter, myelin sheath. , Müller - Law of specific nerve energies: sensations do not depend on type of stimulation but on the type of sense organ stimulated. difference at a cortical level, Exner - coined the term reaction time, response latency., Donders - father of mental chronometry: used RTs to measure mental processes with high precision (their content, duration, temporal) e.g Go/no go/ Choice RTs/Stimulus detection/, Gall - Localisationist, phrenology: bumps in the skull for cognitive capacity, Flourens - holism: soul is unitary, cannot be divided, mental functions are widely represented in the brain,

Historical aspect

Print
Embed

Leaderboard

Visual style

Options

Switch template

Continue editing: ?