Over ____ of earth´s volcanoes are in the US. Volcanic hazards are any potentially dangerous volcanic process that puts ____ , houses or infrastructure at risk of ____.​ Lava flows and lava domes are flows of ____ spitted out onto the surface of a volcano.​ It is rare for lava to cause ____.​ Associated with emission of ____ and aerosols.​ Flood basalts are an exceptional form of lava flow.​ They are ____. They can be up to ____ thick. Pyroclastic flows Pyroclastic flows are Hot ‘density currents’ consisting of mixtures of ____ and gas. that flow along the ground at ____ speed.​ Travelling under gravity, they tend to flow ____ hillsides, along valleys and towards lower ground, although extremely ____, or energetic, pyroclastic flows have been known to defy gravity and move ____.​ ____ of pyroclastic flows can range between 100°C and 600°C. (Sometimes 1000°C)​ They typically travel at 110 kmh or faster. down the sides of the volcano.​ PYROCLASTIC SURGES ARE LIKE PYROCLASTIC FLOWS BUT THEY HAVE LOWER ____ AND TRAVEL ____ AND FURTHER​. Landslides and debris avalanches​ Debris avalanches and landslides are ____, but are not necessarily caused by an actual volcanic eruption or volcanic activity.​ They can be triggered as the result of a volcanic explosion or dome collapse, particularly in environments where heavy rainfall is common.​ Debris avalanches tend to become channelled ____​ and can travel large distances well beyond their ____ areas.​ It is difficult to reduce the impact of debris avalanches because they can occur without warning, even on dormant volcanoes, and can devastate large areas.​ Once initiated, it is almost impossible to evacuate areas in the paths of debris avalanches because of the ____ with which they travel.​ Lahars Lahar is a Javanese word for a type of volcanic mudflow made up of volcanic debris and hot or cold ____.​ Lahars move at speeds that range from less than ____ kph up to ____ of kilometres per hour.​ They can occur as a result of eruptions involving ____ or snow, which can generate large amounts of ____, or they can be triggered, or mobilised, by heavy rainfall.​ As these debris-laden flows move ____ river valleys, they can gather more and more loose material.​ Viscous mudflows may contain more than ____ sediment (____ water) and have the consistency of ____.​ Less viscous mudflows, with a higher water content, resemble torrential floods.​ Jökulhlaups​ ​Jökulhlaup is an ____ word that is used to describe a glacial outburst flood, a sudden release of water from a lake that lies under or close to a ____.​ One of the triggers of a jökulhlaup could be the eruption of a volcano ­situated beneath a glacier that melts overlying ice or weakens a dam made of glacial moraine sediments.​ The sudden removal of the lake dam releases a huge volume of water to produce a ‘____’ that can wash away roads and bridges.​ Yellowstone Caldera "Yellowstone Supervolcano"​ The Yellowstone Caldera, sometimes referred to as the ____, is a volcanic caldera and supervolcano in Yellowstone National Park in the Western United States.​ The caldera and most of the park are located in the northwest corner of ____.​ The caldera measures 43 by 28 miles (70 by 45 kilometers)​ and postcaldera lavas spill out a significant distance beyond the caldera proper.​ The caldera was the largest known until the discovery of ____ Caldera in 2019, which is more than twice as wide.​ The caldera formed during the last of three supereruptions over the past ____ million years.

Volcanoes

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