Allele - A copy of a gene that may vary slightly from person to person, Gene - A region of DNA that encodes for a trait, Genotype - The combination of two alleles, Phenotype - The way how an organism looks or displays a trait, Heterozygous - When there are two different alleles present, Homozygous - When there are two of the same allele present, Dominant - An allele that is always expressed regardless of other alleles, Recessive - An allele that is only expressed when two copies of it are present, DNA - The molecule which encodes for all traits, Chromosome - A single, linear strand of DNA, Autosome - 22 pairs of chromosomes shared between males and females, Sex Chromosome - The X and Y chromosome, Nucleotide - A monomer of DNA, contains one of the nitrogenous bases (A,C,T or G), Homologous - Two chromosomes that match to form a pair, Carrier - Someone who has a copy of a gene but does not present the trait, Karyotype - The collection of all of a person's chromosomes paired up with all other matching chromosomes,

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