1) This could be chronological, or writers might choose to start at the end, in the middle, or with flashback/flashforwards. 2) A scene set in a time earlier than the main story. 3) A scene that takes the narrative forward in time from the current point of the story. 4) : Changing the focus or perspective within a text, such as moving from one character’s thoughts to another’s, or from a broad scene to a specific detail. 5) Repeating words, phrases, or ideas to emphasize a point or theme. 6) Focusing in on a small detail (zooming in) or broadening the view to show a wider scene or context (zooming out). 7) Using the direct speech of characters within the narrative. 8) Changes in the emotional quality (mood) or the author’s attitude (tone) within the text. 9) Where the text focuses our attention at the beginning.  10) Where the text focuses our attention at the end. 11) refers to the vantage point or lens through which a story is told. It determines how much the reader knows about the characters and events, and influences the way the narrative is presented and interpreted. 12) A number of words or phrases written one after the other for emphasis. 13) The speed at which the narrative progresses. 14) A plot device that leaves a story unresolved, usually in a suspenseful or shocking way. 15) Shifting between past, present and future. 16) The use of hints or clues to suggest events that will occur later in the story.

Structure Techniques.

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