Human respiration is external, internal, and cellular - A. External – exchange of gases between lungs and blood B. Internal – exchange of gases between blood and cells C. Cellular - energy releasing process that takes place inside of cells 1. Glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water + energy (ATP), Nostrils: - 1. contain mucus membranes to heat and moisten air 2. contain cilia (hairs) to filter air 3. contain receptors for smelling, Mouth: - air also enters here, Pharynx: - back of throat, Glottis: - opening of windpipe, Epiglottis: - covers windpipe when you swallow, Larynx: - voice box, contains vocal cords, Trachea: windpipe - 1. hard rings of cartilage keep it open all the times 2. lined with cilia that beat constantly and move foreign material out of trachea 3. cilia are killed by cigarette smoke, Bronchi: - branches of trachea into lungs, Lungs: - made of air sacs (like sponges) 1. right lung has 3 parts (lobes) left lung has 2 parts (lobes) 2. Pleural membrane – secretes moisture that allows lungs to move, Rib cage – - bones that surround and protect lungs, Bronchioles- - continue to divide into smaller and smaller tubes, Alveoli – - air sacs where gas exchange occurs 1. covered in capillaries 2. have moist, thin membrane covering them 3. O2 goes into bloodstream, and CO2 and water vapor leave bloodstream, Breathing - A. lungs have no muscles B. air moves because of change in air pressure between chest cavity and environment, inhale – - diaphragm contracts and pulls down, intercostal muscles (between ribs) move ribs up and out, chest cavity enlarges, air rushes in, exhale – - diaphragm relaxes and rises, intercostal muscles pull ribs in, chest cavity gets smaller, air rushes out, Feedback - a) increase in CO2levels causes increase in breathing rate b) decrease in CO2levels causes decrease in breathing rate c) exercise increases breathing rate, Bronchitis: - inflammation of the lining of the bronchial tubes 1. secrete too much mucus, causes coughing, Asthma – - caused by allergic reaction or unknown substances 1. bronchial tubes narrow, making it hard to breathe, Emphysema – - alveoli become large and break 1. lungs are less elastic, people are short of breath, Lung cancer – - abnormal growth of lung tissue 1. Smoking causes lung cancer, Pneumonia – - infection of the lungs caused by bacteria or virus 1. alveoli fill with fluid, hard to exchange gases, makes breathing difficult, exercise increases - breathing rate., Lung lobes: - Right lung → 3 lobes, Left lung → 2 lobes. ( make room for heart ), Pleural membrane – - secretes (releases) moisture that allows lungs to move., Secrete – - Releases, transport – - gases are transported where they are needed (O2, CO2),

Respiratory System:

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