After digestion, _________________________must reach cells; _________________________must leave cells: transmitted through the blood - Nutrients; Waste., ____________is the distribution of nutrients and wastes throughout the body. - Circulation. , ___________discovered the closed circulatory system - William Harvey., Heart... muscular pump with ________ - 4 Chambers., ____________divides oxygenated and deoxygenated blood - The Septum., Blood vessels: Arteries flow _________ - AWAY from heart., Blood vessels: Capillaries ________ - EXCHANGE occurs here. , Blood vessels: Veins flow ________ - BACK to heart., Pulmonary – from the right side of the heart to the lungs - Blood gets oxygenated, goes to left side of heart., Systemic circulation – from left side of heart to the body - Oxygenated blood goes to cells and becomes deoxygenated, then returns., Atrium (atria) - Receive blood. , Valves - Prevent back flow, Contraction sends blood... - Into ventricles, Ventricles - Send blood., Arteries go - away from the heart, blood is propelled by _______ - Contractions of the heart., can feel pulse in - arteries (example carotid artery in neck), blood is propelled by _________ - muscular contractions., Capillaries smallest vessels where _______ occurs - Capillaries smallest vessels where exchange occurs, Capillaries very thin walls allow  - exchange to occur, What nutrients enter cells (used for respiration) - Oxygen Glucose & other nutrients., What leaves cells? -  Carbon Dioxide + other wastes., Contractions determine  - heart rate., What causes contractions? - Nerve centers in your heart. , SA node = (pacemaker) - Sinoatrial node. A) Causes contractions of atria. B) Sends signals to AV node., (Feedback) High carbon dioxide levels in the blood cause the heart rate to increase in order to... - Get rid of excess Co2 (Carbon Dioxide) and to bring in more O2 (Oxygen), Blood pressure - measures the force of the flow of blood in your arteries, Blood pressure (higher number) Systolic =  - forces when ventricles contract.  , Blood pressure (lower number) Diastolic = - forces when ventricles relax. (more important one), Blood consists of  - fluid and cells + plasma., Plasma- - non-living straw colored fluid that carries nutrients, wastes, hormones, antibodies, water, blood cells throughout the body, Red blood cells carry - Oxygen to cells., Bi-concave discs, made in the bone marrow, have no _____ when they mature - Nucleus., Red blood cells carry red protein called ________ - Hemoglobin. , Hemoglobin has... - an iron molecule in the center., In lungs, oxygen binds to ________= oxyhemoglobin - Iron., Oxyhemoglobin gives up _______ in cells - Oxygen., Cells pick up _________ from cells bring back to lungs for excretion. - Co2 (Carbon Dioxide), White blood cells... - fight infection... 1. Made in the bone marrow or thymus, have nuclei 2. Larger than RBCs 3. immune response, Platelets- - Cell fragments that clots to prevent blood loss, The Heart- - The heart is a muscular organ that pumps blood to the lungs and to other parts of the body., Which is the largest and the main artery of the circulatory system? - Aorta., Name the blood vessels that carry blood from the upper and lower parts of the body. - superior vena cava and the inferior vena cava., Name the blood vessels that carry blood to and from the lungs. - The pulmonary arteries (which carry deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs) and the pulmonary veins (which carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium)., Name the four chambers of the heart. - Right atrium, Right ventricle, Left atrium, & Left ventricle., What keeps blood from flowing back into a chamber of the heart? - Valves., Systemic- - Entire body., Patients right/left side of the heart has oxygenated or deoxygenated blood? - Right = deoxygenated. Left = oxygenated., In humans, circulation to and from the lungs is known as - Pulmonary Circulation., 8, Which one of the following statements best describes a change that usually takes place in the human body when the heart rate increases as a result of exercise? - More oxygen is delivered to muscle cells., C, Which cells carry oxygen and carbon dioxide to and from different body parts? - Red Blood Cells., A biochemical compound that readily combines with oxygen and distributes it throughout the human body is - Hemoglobin., The condition _______ is associated with abnormally high systemic blood pressure and affects about one-fifth of the United States population. - Hypertension., Which condition results in brain cell damage due to blocked or burst blood vessels and is characterized by impaired speech or motor patterns? - A Stroke., In the human heart, the two ventricle chambers are encased in a thick layer of cardiac muscle, while the two atria chambers are relatively thin-walled. What conclusion can you draw about the muscular structure of the ventricles? - It enables them to pump blood a greater distance than the atria can.,

Circulatory System:

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