Metaphor - A metaphor is a figure of speech that compares two things that are not related, but is used to help explain something or make a comparison.One effect of metaphors on the reader is that it creates connection and empathyOne effect of metaphors on the reader is that it creates connection and empathy, Simile - A simile describes something by comparing it to something else, using like or as. A simile is a useful way to describe something without using a long list of adjectives. It can create a vivid image in the reader's mind, helping to engage and absorb them., Personification - Personification is a literary device that gives human characteristics to non-human things. Readers can empathize with non-human things, which can deepen their emotional connection to the story., Alliteration - Repetition of first letters. Alliteration has a powerful effect because it grasps the reader's attention, making them focus on a particular line or section. Also, the rhythm and musicality provided by the repetition of a sound makes a line or a poem more memorable and appealing. , Onomatopoeia - Onomatopoeia is a type of word that sounds like what is describes: buzz, whoosh, and boom are all examples. It can add excitement, action, and interest by allowing the reader to hear and remember your writing. You may also include onomatopoeia to add humor to a poem or story and make your reader laugh., Hyperbole - Hyperbole uses figurative language to make an overstatement or exaggeration. This figure of speech creates emphasis and depending on the context, you can use it for comic or dramatic effect, to create vivid images, or to convey intensity or emotion., Oxymoron - Writers and poets use oxymorons to bring dramatic effect to their writing. When two contrasting words are juxtaposed, this makes us, as readers, stop and think. Oxymorons can be used to create irony, suspense, or to add comedy to a piece of literature., Imagery - Imagery is a literary device that uses figurative or literal language to help readers understand and feel a part of a work of literature. Creates strong emotional response. , Symbolism - Symbolism is the idea that things represent other things. Symbolism allows writers to express complex ideas while giving the reader a visual, sensory experience., Irony - In literature, irony is used to bring complexity in the narrative structure, create suspense, and contrast knowledge and ignorance, expectation and reality. The purpose of irony in creative writing is to twist words, scene, and expected outcome to fit the writer's message., Juxtaposition - Juxtaposition is a literary device that involves placing two or more things side by side to highlight their differences or similarities.  When a writer juxtaposes two elements, they invite the reader to compare, contrast, and consider the relationship between those elements more closely., Rhetorical Question - Question, that don't need answer. It allows the reader a moment to pause and think about the question., Emotive language - Emotive language is language that is used to evoke an emotional response from the reader. It can be used to create a sense of urgency, excitement, or even fear. When used effectively, emotive language can help you connect with your audience on a deeper level and persuade them to take action., Repetition - Repeating a word or phrase in a work of poetry or prose calls it to the reader's attention. This creates emphasis by highlighting the importance of the word or phrase., Pathetic fallacy - Pathetic fallacy is a type of personification when human emotions or feelings are attributed to weather patterns. Weather can be incredibly effective in creating atmosphere and tension within a story so adding pathetic fallacy to your description can really reflect the mood of the character further., Tone and Mood - Mood shows the particular scenes that direct us toward the subject of a story, but tone tells what each character actually thinks of that subject. Both are necessary devices to make a world come alive on the page, Polysyndeton - Polysyndeton is a literary device that involves using conjunctions like "and," "or," and "but" in close succession to create a rhetorical effect. The use of polysyndeton can slow down the rhythm of a phrase, make it more memorable, or emphasize each individual item in a list., Asyndeton  - Asyndeton is the deliberate omission or absence of words like “and,” “but,” and “or” from a series of clauses or sentences. This has various effects such as speeding up the rhythm, changing the tone, and adding emphasis., Anaphora - Anaphora is a rhetorical device that involves repeating a word or phrase at the beginning of multiple lines to create emphasis and rhythm., Metonymy - metonymy is a figure of speech that changes the name of one thing to another related word. It's a literary device commonly used to add interest and mood to text. It also enables writers to vary the way they express things or add a sense of the concrete to abstract concepts., Ellipsis - Ellipses save space or remove material that is less relevant. They are useful in getting right to the point without delay or distraction. In fiction, they're used for effect. They leave the reader hanging on what might happen next., Paradox - A paradox is a literary device that can be used to make readers think more critically about the ideas in a text. Paradoxes are statements or plot points that seem to contradict themselves, but contain some truth or insight. They, Litotes - Litotes is used in literature as a way for writers to effectively convey an idea. The reason they are so effective is because listeners or readers have to pause to interpret the actual meaning of the phrase, making it stick even more., Parenthesis - Parentheses ( ) are used to enclose additional, non-essential information to clarify, explain, or add a side note in a sentence. Use parentheses to prevent disrupting the flow of a sentence., Euphemism - A euphemism is a word or phrase that is used to soften the impact of a potentially uncomfortable or sensitive topic. Euphemisms are a type of figurative language that can be used in writing and everyday conversation to make the listener or reader feel more at ease. (He passed away), Inversion - 'Inversion' means reversing (inverting) the normal subject–verb word order in a sentence. We can use inversion to add emphasis, especially in formal English., Connotation - Words have connotations, which are the feelings, opinions, or implications that they call to mind beyond their literal definitions. Connotations can affect the tone, theme, and style of a text, and can vary depending on context, culture, and personal experience. Connotation enhances the reader's understanding of a text's themes by adding emotional depth and cultural context to the words used., Exposition - Exposition is a literary device that provides background information to readers, which can have a significant impact on the reading experience:, Rising Action - Rising action is the section of a story that leads toward its climax. Because of the increased tension as a book's central conflict (or conflicts) become clear, the rising action is often what keeps you turning the pages., Climax - As the highest point of tension in a story, the climax provides the reader with an intense moment that has been developing since the conflict was introduced., Falling action - By capturing the emotional and psychological changes that the climax has wrought in the characters, the falling action provides readers with a sense of resolution and closure. So while the climax may be the most memorable moment of a narrative, it is the falling action that allows the story to come full circle., Resolution/Denouement - A resolution can happen at any time in the story, and will typically play out in the form of a character solving a major problem. A dénouement, on the other hand, is what takes place at the end of a story and answers all remaining questions the reader may have., Analepsis - By engaging with analepsis, audiences unlock a deeper connection with the storyline, enabling a comprehensive grasp of the narrative's framework and character motivations., Prolepsis - is a figure of speech in which the speaker raises an objection to their own argument and then immediately answers it. By doing so, the speaker hopes to strengthen the argument by dealing with possible counterarguments before the audience can raise them., Cliffhanger - Cliffhangers create suspense and uncertainty to keep the audience engaged and invested in the story. It is typically a high-tension moment of unresolved conflict at the end of a chapter. Cliffhangers leave readers with questions, not answers., Zooming in - When zooming in, the narrator guides the reader in following a point of view. A conventional use of the technique might first create in the reader's mind a bird's eye view, or aerial shot, of the setting ., Zooming out - The narrator then widens the view of the reader, and might eventually introduce the overview of the setting or fictional world., Shifts in Focus - The guide discusses shifts in focus, which can create curiosity and anticipation in the reader. Motifs are explained as recurring themes or ideas that enhance understanding and may foreshadow future events., Non-linear Narrative  - This structure is used by Hill to build tension as the narrator at the start knows how the story will unfold and can flash back and flash forward to control the reader's knowledge. A non-linear story could begin at any point - somewhere in the middle, at the climax, or even at the end., Cyclical structure  - Cyclical structures can create a powerful emotional impact by allowing readers to see growth or decline through repeated events, leading to deeper understanding., Dual Narrative - Telling a story from two different perspectives can help the reader get a better understanding of those characters and the events they are narrating., Foreshadowing - Foreshadowing is a literary device that hints at future events in a story. It creates just enough anticipation or curiosity to keep the reader turning the pages., Framing Devices - By blurring the boundaries between the reality of the frame story and that of the encapsulated story, the framing device focuses the reader's attention on the structures and purposes of the entire work and on its operation as a work of fiction., Juxtaposition - Juxtaposition is a rhetorical device that places two contrasting elements close together to create a contrast, Time shifts - The shifting between different time frames creates a sense of mystery and intrigue for the reader. It keeps the reader actively thinking and trying to piece together the fragmented timeline of events, which can enhance the reading experience by creating a sense of anticipation and curiosity., Pace - Pace is the speed and rhythm of a story, and it has a significant impact on readers. It can affect a reader's emotions, level of engagement, and how they experience the story, Tension building - Tension building in a story can have a profound effect on readers, keeping them engaged and turning the pages, Repetition - When a writer repeats the same phrase over and over, they want to emphasize the point. Repetition creates a rhythm in the poem. It can be used to draw the reader emotionally into the poem., Epistolary structure - Epistolary fiction requires a unique response from the reader, stimulates their creative activity, and often provokes speculation. The reader becomes more of a co-author, a participant in the life of the characters who are the architects of the narrative structure., Dialogue - A capable writer uses dialogue to drive a story's plot forward, to bring the reader closer to its climax and, ultimately its conclusion. Dialogue can also help charge scenes with emotion, heightening tension between characters or building suspense ahead of a key event or turning point in the plot., Flashbulb Moment  - A flashbulb memory is a vivid, long-lasting memory of learning about a surprising or shocking event. The term "flashbulb memory" comes from the idea that the memory is as detailed and brief as a photograph taken at the moment of the event., Narrative Hook - Narrative hooks work to capture the reader's attention – like a worm on a fishing hook attracts a fish. Raising questions or setting a puzzle at the start of a story can create intrigue. Establishing an unusual narrative voice or opening with dialogue creates interest., Plot Twist - A plot twist is a change in a story that surprises the audience, Extended Metaphor - An extended metaphor is a literary device that uses a metaphor or analogy over multiple lines, paragraphs, or stanzas to compare two things that are not alike.,

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