Hydrophilic head - Attracts water and the polar part of the cell membrane, Hydrophobic tail - Repels water, water soluble material and polar/charged ions. Non polar part of the cell membrane, Temperature - Increasing ......................... increases the kinetic energy of the phospholipids, making the membrane more fluid, Diffusion - Net movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration, Passive - Term used to describe simple diffusion requiring no energy, Oxygen and carbon dioxide - Small, non-polar molecules that can simply diffuse through membranes, Carrier proteins - Move large molecules across membranes, down their concentration gradient, Channel proteins - Move charged ions across membranes down their electrochemical gradient, Osmosis - Diffusion of water molecules across a partially permeable membrane from a high water potential to a low water potential, Isotonic   - When two solutions have the same water potential, Hypertonic - Highly concentrated solution (low water potential), Hypotonic - Less concentrated solution (high water potential), Fluid mosaic model - Used to describe the cell membrane , Integral proteins - Carrier and channel proteins are known as this as they span the cell membrane, Cell membrane - Controls what goes in and out of the cell and so maintains homeostasis, Phospholipids - These make up the main structure of cell membrane; contain glycerol, fatty acids and phosphate,

Diffusion and Osmosis

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