1) What is the Tyndall Effect? a) The scattering of light by small particles in a mixture b) The absorption of light by clear liquids c) The reflection of light by a mirror d) The bending of light as it passes through a prism 2) According to the First Law of Thermodynamics, in an isolated system: a) Energy can be created but not destroyed b) Energy is conserved and cannot be created or destroyed c) Energy can be lost as heat permanently d) Heat always flows from cold to hot 3) Which of the following mixtures will show the Tyndall Effect? a) Saltwater b) Pure distilled water c) Milk d) Alcohol 4) Which type of light scattering is responsible for the Tyndall Effect? a) Dark b) Diffraction c) Dispatch d) Scattering of light by particles 5) The Second Law of Thermodynamics states that: a) Energy cannot be created or destroyed b) Heat flows from cold objects to hot objects c) In any energy exchange, some energy becomes unusable, increasing entropy d) The energy of an isolated system remains constant 6) Pulsars emit radiation primarily in which parts of the electromagnetic spectrum? a) Visible and ultraviolet b) Infrared and visible c) Radio and X-rays d) Gamma rays and visible light 7) At the age of just 22, _____ became a professor of natural philosophy (physics) at the University of Glasgow, where they taught for over 50 years. a) William Thompson b) John Joly c) Robert Boyle d) John Tyndall 8) Which of the following was a career accomplishment of Francis Beaufort? a) He served as a major explorer of North America b) He was appointed as Hydrographer of the British Admiralty c) He invented the steam engine d) He discovered the concept of gravity 9) During which decade did Jocelyn Bell Burnell make her famous discovery of pulsars? a) 1950s b) 1960s c) 1970s d) 1980s 10) John Joly invented a device for measuring which environmental factor? a) air pressure b) Soil moisture c) Radioactivity d) Ocean depth 11) Why are pulsars useful in astronomy? a) They can help astronomers measure distances and time accurately b) They emit light, which helps locate nearby galaxies c) They reflect light from other stars, improving brightness d) They help predict meteor showers 12) What was one of John Joly's major contributions to agriculture? a) Development of hybrid crops b) Introduction of chemical fertilizers c) Advocacy for soil conservation and the use of radioactive isotopes to improve soil quality d) Invention of agricultural machinery

Junior Science 9

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