fief - an estate or farm granted to a vassal by a lord under the feudal system in medieval Europe, vassal - a person under the protection of the feudal lord., knight - an armored warrior who fought on horseback, served beneath the vassals, pledged to defend their lords' lands in exchange for fiefs, serf - a medieval peasant legally bound to live on a lord's estate, manor - a lord's estate during middle ages, guild - A medieval association of people in the same occupation or business working to improve the economic and social conditions of its members, Feudalism - a social system that existed in Europe during the Middle Ages in which people worked and fought for nobles who gave them protection and the use of land in return, apprentice - a trainee, Bubonic Plague - disease brought to Europe from the Mongols during the Middle Ages. It killed 1/3 of the population and helps end Feudalism. Rats, fleas., Crusades - A long series of wars between Christians and Muslims in Southwest Asia, Magna Carta - the royal charter of political rights given to rebellious English barons by King John in 1215, King John - King of England who raised taxes and punished his enemies without a trial. He is best known for being forced to sign the Magna Carta., Divine Right Theory - This is the belief that God chose the ruler and that the ruler must only answer to God, Limited Government - The idea that certain restrictions should be placed on government to protect the natural rights of citizens., Rule of Law - principle that the law applies to everyone, even those who govern, Individual rights - rights guaranteed or belonging to a person, Shared power - powers granted to the national government by the Constitution, but not denied to the states. One example is the right to lay and collect taxes., King Richard, the Lionhearted - Led The Third Crusade. During the crusade he stayed and fought until he decided to take a truce which would allow Christians to enter Jerusalem freely., manoral system - the towns, lands, building and workers that made up the lord's estate, Reconquista - The Christian reconquest of Europe after the invasion of the Moors,

Middle Ages

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