1) a broad concept ex: anxiety a) conceptual variable b) operational definition 2) variable manipulated by the researcher a) independent variable b) dependent variable 3) variable measured by the researcher a) independent variable b) dependent variable 4) describes a particular rate or degree of a single variable -how often a single variable happens a) frequency claims b) association claims c) causal claims 5) argues that one level of a variable is likely to be correlated with a particular level of another level- how two variables are related a) frequency claims b) association claims c) causal claims 6) does one variable cause another a) frequency claims b) association claims c) causal claims 7) how well the variables in a study are measured or manipulated- the extent to which the operational variables in a study are a good approximation of the conceptual variable a) construct validity b) external validity c) statistical validity d) internal validity 8) the extent to which the results of a study generalize to some larger population as well as other times or situations a) construct validity b) external validity c) statistical validity d) internal validity 9) the extent to which that data supports the conclusions, important to ask the strength of an association and its significance a) construct validity b) external validity c) statistical validity d) internal validity 10) in a relationship between one variable (A) and another (B), the extent to which A causes B rather than a third variable (C) a) construct validity b) external validity c) statistical validity d) internal validity 11) single estimate of a population value based on sample data a) point estimate b) confidence interval c) margin of error 12) a giver range indicated by a lower and upper value a) point estimate b) confidence interval c) margin of error 13) an estimate, an inferential statistic providing a range of values that has a high probability of containing the true population value a) point estimate b) confidence interval c) margin of error 14) there's a relationship between variables, when one changes the other does a) covariance b) temporal precedence c) internal validity 15) to cause something, one variable has to come before the other a) covariance b) temporal precedence c) internal validity 16) is there another variable that could be causing this a) covariance b) temporal precedence c) internal validity 17) studies must meet all 4 validities a) true b) false 18) study on syphilis in black men a) tuskegee experiment b) milgram experiment c) belmont experiment 19) participants administered fake shocks to actors- 65% went to a lethal dose a) tuskegee experiment b) milgram experiment c) belmont experiment 20) belmont report prinicples a) respect for persons b) responsibility c) beneficence (do good) d) justice (balance between people participating and those that will benefit) e) non- maleficence (do no harm) f) fidelity 21) APA's general principals a) respect for people's rights and dignity b) integrity c) beneficence (do good)/ non- maleficence (do no harm) d) justice (balance between people participating and those that will benefit) e) respect for animal's rights and dignity f) fidelity and responsibility 22) 8th ethical standard a) research and publication b) assessment c) education and training d) resolving ethical issues 23) What do institutional review boards do? a) ensure national standards are met b) weighs risk and benefits of studies involving humans c) includes university faculty d) includes members of the community e) defeats participant f) design studies 24) deception- leaving something out, omission a) passive b) active 25) deception- straight up lying, commission a) passive b) active 26) does all deception required being followed by a debrief a) yes b) no 27) can you do a partial debriefing? a) yes b) no c) only if there is a full debriefing later 28) Animal research- Russel Burch's three Rs a) replacement b) refinement c) reduction d) reassessment  e) revision f) realism 29) used to explain data, provide an accurate summary of important aspects a) descriptive statistics b) inferential statistics

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