1) Which of the following best describes a computing device? a) A physical artifact capable of executing a program b) Any object that connects to the Internet c) A system of interconnected networks using standardized protocols d) A program that runs on a physical machine 2) What distinguishes a computing system from a single computing device? a) It must include at least one router b) It always operates independently of human intervention c) It consists of multiple computing devices working together for a common goal d) It requires a direct Internet connection to function 3) Which statement about computer networks is true? a) They always require an Internet connection b) They consist of at least one server and multiple clients c) They can only function if all devices are directly connected d) They enable computing devices to send and receive data 4) What is necessary for two computing devices to be connected on a network? a) They must have the same IP address b) They must be able to send and receive data c) They must use the same physical hardware d) They must be directly connected without intermediaries 5) How does routing work in a computer network? a) It follows a single, predetermined path b) It finds a sequence of connected devices to send data from sender to receiver c) It ensures that packets always arrive in order d) It guarantees that all packets will reach their destination 6) A computer network with higher bandwidth can: a) Transmit data at a higher speed b) Connect more devices than a network with lower bandwidth c) Function without protocols d) Always guarantee no packet loss 7) Why is the Internet considered scalable? a) It only supports a fixed number of devices at a time b) Its structure allows for growth without redesigning the entire system c) It operates using a single, static routing table d) Its components never fail, so no extra resources are needed 8) Which best describes how information moves across the Internet? a) As a continuous stream that cannot be broken into parts b) As a series of packets, which may arrive out of order c) As a direct connection between two devices with no interruptions d) As a single file that cannot be split up for transmission 9) Which of the following is NOT true about packets on the Internet? a) They always arrive in order b) They contain metadata for routing and reassembly c) They may take different paths to the same destination d) Some packets may be lost in transmission 10) What allows additional computing devices to be connected to the Internet easily? a) The use of open communication protocols b) The requirement of proprietary hardware c) The use of direct wired connections only d) The Internet’s restriction on the number of devices 11) Why does redundancy improve the reliability of the Internet? a) It increases bandwidth for individual devices b) It provides alternative paths for data transmission in case of failure c) It eliminates the need for routing decisions d) It ensures every data packet follows the same path 12) What makes the Internet fault-tolerant? a) The ability to reroute data if a connection fails b) The guarantee that no device or connection will ever fail c) The use of a single dedicated path for each communication d) The ability to detect and prevent all cyber threats 13) Which of the following statements about sequential computing is correct? a) It allows multiple operations to be executed at the same time b) It processes each step one at a time in a specific order c) It requires multiple computing devices to function d) It is always more efficient than parallel computing 14) How does parallel computing differ from sequential computing? a) Parallel computing always requires distributed computing b) Parallel computing can perform some operations simultaneously c) Parallel computing eliminates the need for sequential operations d) Parallel computing takes longer than sequential computing 15) If a parallel computing solution completes a task in 4 seconds while the sequential version takes 12 seconds, what is the speedup? a) 3 b) 4 c) 8 d) 48 16) Why is distributed computing useful? a) It prevents any failures from occurring in a system b) It allows multiple devices to work together to solve large problems c) It always executes programs faster than a single computer d) It eliminates the need for parallel computing 17) Which of the following limits the efficiency of a parallel computing solution? a) The number of computing devices available b) The bandwidth of the network c) The amount of sequential processing required d) The size of the problem being solved 18) A distributed computing system is best suited for: a) Simple calculations that can be performed on one device b) Problems that require large amounts of data or processing power c) Tasks that must be completed in strict sequential order d) Single-user applications with minimal computational needs 19) What happens when a system reaches the limit of its parallel processing efficiency? a) Adding more parallel tasks will continue to improve performance b) The sequential portion of the program becomes the primary bottleneck c) The program will stop functioning correctly d) The system will automatically switch to a sequential computing model 20) What advantage does parallel computing have over sequential computing? a) It is always faster, regardless of the problem b) It can handle problems that require high-speed computations more efficiently c) It eliminates the need for routing in a computer network d) It guarantees that tasks will always complete at the same time

AP CSP - Computing Systems and Networks

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