present simple is used: for permanent situations or states., for general truths and laws of nature., for repeated/habitual actions (especially with adverbs of frequency: often, usually, always, etc.)., for reviews/sports commentaries/ narrations., for timetables/ programmes (future meaning)., in exclamatory sentences., present continuous is used: for temporary situations., for changing or developing situations., for frequently repeated actions with always, constantly, continually, etc. expressing annoyance or criticism., for actions happening at or around the moment of speaking., for fixed arrangements in the near future., present perfect is used: for recently completed actions and whose results are visible in the present., for actions that started in the past and continue up to the present with stative verbs such as be, have, like, know, etc. In this case we often use for or since., for experiences, for actions which happened within a specific time period which is not over at the time of speaking. We use expressions such as today, this morning/evening/ week/month, etc., for emphasis on amount., present perfect continuous is used: for actions that started in the past and continue up to the present., for past actions of certain duration having visible results or effects in the present., to express anger, irritation, annoyance, for emphasis on duration.,

present tenses functions

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