1) Which of the following statements best describes a role of stomach acid? a) It catabolically breaks down food in preparation for absorption. b) It neutralizes the chyme entering the duodenum. c) It directly emulsifies fats. d) It is secreted in an active form that damages the secreting cells. 2) How are the stomach’s digestive enzymes, such as pepsinogen, safely secreted without damaging the stomach’s own tissues? a) They are secreted in an inactive form that is later activated in the lumen. b) They are immediately neutralized by bicarbonate. c) They are secreted only in trace amounts. d) They are bound to inhibitory proteins until reaching the small intestine. 3) Which of the following structures increases the absorptive effectiveness of the small intestine? a) Rugae b) Villi and microvilli c) Haustra d) Plicae circulares 4) Pepsinogen, the inactive precursor of the digestive enzyme pepsin, is secreted by which type of cells in the stomach? a) G-cells b) Chief cells c) Parietal cells d) Mucous neck cells 5) Which enzyme is most effective in digesting a meal high in complex carbohydrates? a) Pepsin b) Lipase c) Amylase d) Trypsin 6) Which vitamin requires intrinsic factor for its absorption in the terminal ileum? a) Vitamin C b) Vitamin D c) Vitamin B12 d) Vitamin K 7) What is the advantage of secreting pepsinogen in its inactive form? a) It prevents premature digestion of proteins within the secreting cells. b) It enhances the acidity of the stomach lumen. c) It allows pepsinogen to be absorbed directly by the stomach lining. d) It increases the speed of protein digestion in the stomach. 8) Which type of cells in the stomach secrete mucus to protect the gastric mucosa from the corrosive effects of acid and digestive enzymes? a) A. Chief cells b) G-cells c) C. Mucous neck cells d) Parietal cells 9) Which cells in the stomach are responsible for the production of hydrochloric acid (gastric acid)? a) Chief cells b) Parietal cells c) G-cells d) Mucous neck cells 10) Why is the large intestine wider in diameter compared to the small intestine? a) It requires a larger surface area for nutrient absorption. b) It is specialized for water and electrolyte absorption. c) It contains more muscular layers for vigorous peristalsis. d) It stores undigested food before elimination. 11) What is the primary function of the mucous neck cells in the stomach? a) Secreting hydrochloric acid b) Secreting pepsinogen c) Secreting mucus to protect the gastric lining d) Absorbing nutrients 12) G-cells in the stomach produce which hormone that plays a key role in stimulating gastric acid secretion? a) Gastrin b) Secretin c) Cholecystokinin d) Motilin 13) What does the term “intrinsic factor” refer to in gastric physiology? a) A hormone that stimulates pepsinogen secretion b) A protein secreted by parietal cells that is essential for vitamin B12 absorption c) An enzyme that catalyzes the breakdown of fats d) A bile salt that aids in lipid emulsification

Digestive system part 2

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