true experimental design - randomized controlled trial- subjects/ participants are randomly assigned to either experimental or control group, quasi- experimental design - not randomly assigned to either group; researcher control assignment of treatment and control group, single subject design - subject serves as their own control; studying changes of subject as a result of treatment or intervention. ex. case study, pre/post test, retrospective design - participants try to look back/remember what they were like during an earlier time point, cross-sectional design - researcher collect data at a single point in time for participants of different ages, longitudinal design - same people are measured at different ages, cross-sequential design - at first point groups of people from several different ages are measured. These groups are followed over time, correlation - a pattern between two variables, independent variable - what is changed ,controlled or manipulated in experiment, dependent variable - what is tested and measured in a scientific experiment, inter-rater reliablity - consistency of measure, the degree to which different people give similar scores for the same observations, validity - accuracy, degree to which the tool measures what it claims to measure, construct validity - the degree in which instrument measures the characteristic being investigated , internal validity - confidence that can be placed in a cause-effect relationship in a study, external validity - extent to which research can be generalized to other populations, settings, and treatment variables, concurrent validity - extent to which results of a test or measurement, correspond to previously established measurement of same construct, predictive validity - testing a group of subjects for a certain construct and comparing them with results in the future, reliability - overall consistency of a measure, objective data - information/ data that can be measured, subjective data - info/ data given from a person's viewpoint/ opinion,

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