Stimuli - anything that can trigger a physical or behavioral change: input, Peripheral nervous system - The part of the nervous system that includes nerves and is not part of the brain and spinal cord, Central nervous system - The part of the nervous system that includes the brain and spinal cord, Neuron - A bundle of nerves ; responsible for collecting and responding to stimuli, Sensory neurons - nerve cells responsible for receiving external stimuli from the body's environment and passing that signal through the nerve to the central nervous system, examples of sensory neurons - 5 senses, motor neurons - nerve cells that pass signals from the brain or spinal cord to a muscle or gland, sensory neurons - input, control center of the body - brain, motor neurons - output, A branch extending from a neuron that receives signals from another neuron through a synapse - dendrites, the long extension from a nerve cell along which signals travel through - axon, a fatty substance that surrounds the axon and increases the speed in which signals travel damage to the myelin makes it harder for neurons to carry messages effectively - myelin, the gap between the branches extending from a neuron's axon that sends a signal to the next neuron - synapse, chemicals that assist in passing a signal through the synapse - neurotransmitters, a doctor who specializes in diagnosing, treating, and managing brain disorders - neurologist, Disease that damages the myelin sheath that surrounds nerve fibers - multiple sclerosis, nerve that runs down the back of the leg and branches out to the muscles on your foot - peroneal nerve, test that identifies nerve damage by measuring how fast an electrical signal moves through your nerves - nerve conduction velocity test, test that identifies nerve damage by measuring how fast an electrical signals move through your body - electromyography, A clear colorless liquid surrounding the brain and spinal cord - cerebrospinal fluid , technologies used to look inside your body for clues about a medical condition - diagnostic imaging, diseases of the brain, spine, and nerves, they're called nervous system diseases - neurological disorders, An area of an organ or tissue that suffered damage through injury or disease - lesion, An abnormal growth of tissue, whether cancerous or non cancerous - tumor, a medical doctor who interprets medical images to diagnose and treat diseases or injuries - radiologist, the most anterior part of the brain, located in the front of the skull and consisting 2 hemispheres left and right - cerebrum, the part of the brain where nerve impulses initiate voluntary actions - motor cortex, the part of the brain at the back of the skull little brain that is responsible for balance, movement, and coordination - cerebellum, the center trunk of the brain that continues downward to form the spinal cord - brain stem, controls the involuntary activity in the bodies - medulla oblangata, examples of involuntary actions - breathing heartbeat digestion blinking, examples of voluntary actions - kicking, hitting, walking, talking, the 2 halves of the cerebrum in the brain - central hemispheres, A broad band of nerves that connects the left and right hemispheres of the cerebrum. - Corpus callosum, Lobes - The four main parts of each cerebral hemisphere of the brain, play a large role in your behavior and personality, involved in memory retrieval and storage doesn't fully develop until you are in your mid 20's - frontal lobe, responsible for touch, spatial awareness, language and memory - parietal lobe, responsible to receive and process the sensory input signals, touch, temperature, taste and more - sensory cortex, the part of the temporal lobe that processes auditory input signals - auditory cortex, primary responsible for visual perception and involved in some short term memory - occipital lobes, the part of the cerebral cortex that receives and processes sensory nerve input from the eyes - visual cortex, responsible for processing smell and sound as well as the ability to recognize and understand words and language; they are involved in visual memory - temporal lobes, internal part of the brain that controls body temperature, thirst, appetite, sleep patterns, and the pituitary gland. - hypothalamus, internal part of brain that carries messages from the sensory organs, like eyes, nose and fingers, to the cerebrum - thalamus, tiny organ that serves as primary gland which makes the hormones that control our growth, metabolism, digestion, maturity, and how we respond to stress - pituitary gland, CT scans - a type of xray that scans the head from multiple angles to create a 3d version of the head, MRI scans - uses magnetical fields, radio waved and a computer to create a 3d image, cerebral palsy - affects body movement and coordination, brain injury,

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