Photoelectric Effect - phenomenon whereby some materials eject electrons when exposed to light, photon - a quantum, or particle, of electromagnetic radiation, photoelectron - electron that has been ejected from a material by a photon of light, electric eye - group of devices that use the photoelectric effect for detection, quantum - discrete packet or bundle of a physical entity such as energy, particle-wave duality - property of behaving like either a particle or a wave; the term for the phenomenon that all particles have wave-like characteristics and waves have particle-like characteristics, energy-level diagram - a diagram used to analyze the energy levels of electrons in the orbits of an atom, Photon Model of Light - Light consists of packets of energy (photons) that can only interact with the atoms and molecules of matter by being absorbed or emitted in discrete units., excited state - any state beyond the n = 1 orbital in which the electron stores energy, Fraunhofer lines - black lines shown on an absorption spectrum that show the wavelengths absorbed by a gas, ground state - the n=1 orbital of an electron, Heisenberg uncertainty principle - fundamental limit to the precision with which pairs of quantities such as momentum and position can be measured, planetary model of the atom - model of the atom that shows electrons orbiting like planets about a Sun-like nucleus, Malus' Law - Defines the intensity of polarized light., Quantum state superposition - a fundamental concept in quantum mechanics where a particle can exist in multiple states simultaneously, like a coin spinning in the air, until measured, at which point it "collapses" into one definite state, quantized - the fact that certain physical entities exist only with particular discrete values and not every conceivable value, emission spectrum - a spectrum of the electromagnetic radiation emitted by a source., wave polarization - refers to the orientation of a wave's oscillations, specifically the direction of the electric field vector in electromagnetic waves, Quantum computing - uses the principles of quantum physics, like superposition and entanglement, to process information in a way that classical computers cannot, potentially solving complex problems much faster,

Unit 10: Modern Physics

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