IPv4, 32-bit address (e.g., 192.168.1.1), IPv6, 128-bit address (e.g., 2001:0db8::1), Private IP Ranges, 10.x.x.x, 172.16.x.x – 172.31.x.x, 192.168.x.x, Public IP, Globally routable on the internet, CIDR Notation, Classless addressing (e.g., /24), Subnet Mask, Separates network/host portion, Default Gateway, Routes traffic outside local network, Loopback Address, 127.0.0.1 (tests TCP/IP stack), APIPA, Automatic IP if DHCP fails (169.254.x.x), Binary Conversion, Needed for subnetting and class identification.

IP Addressing & Subnetting

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