1) The author gives lots of details about an apple orchard. We learn how the trees look in different seasons, what kinds of apples grow there, and how farmers care for the trees. What text structure is this? a) none on the list b) sequence c) description d) cause and effect e) compare and contrast f) problem and solution 2) Ice-cream is a delicious frozen treat that comes in a many different colors and flavors. Two of my favorite flavors are strawberry and chocolate. Though both of these flavors are delicious, strawberry may contain pieces of fruit while chocolate usually will not. Even though more chocolate ice-cream is sold across the country annually than strawberry, each flavor tastes great inside of a milk shake. a) compare and contrast  b) problem and solution  c) sequence  d) cause and effect  e) description  3) Rainforests are rapidly disappearing. About 40% of the world's rainforests have already been destroyed. This problem has led environmentalists to do everything that they can to help conserve this important biome. One way to help the rainforest is to plant trees on land where forests have been cut down. Another way to help is to encourage people to live in a way that does not hurt the environment. a) compare and contrast b) problem and solution c) sequence d) cause and effect e) description 4) Hope for the Future: Despite the school's efforts, there's still a long way to go. Experts estimate that less than 4 percent of Alaskans speak an indigenous language. Because so few native speakers are left, Alaska Governor Bill Walker declared a language emergency in the state. He issued an order that calls for all Alaskan public schools to introduce native languages to students. Jones says teaching the languages to a new generation of Alaskans is the key to solving the problem. "They are the ones who will be holding on to our culture when we are gone," says Jones. "They are the future." a) none on the list b) sequence c) compare and contrast d) cause and effect e) description f) problem and solution 5) The authors explain how things happen in order. What text structure is this? a) compare and contrast b) problem and solution c) sequence d) none of the choices e) cause and effect f) description 6) Suppose an author wanted to explain two birds are similar and different. What text structure is this? a) compare and contrast b) problem and solution c) sequence d) cause and effect e) description 7) Many places are creating large amounts of waste, and certain areas where it is stored are running out of room. This ongoing issue can harm nature and take up space that could be used for other things. To help fix the problem, people are finding new ways to use items again or turn them into something else. For example, some towns are using food leftovers in helpful ways, and others are using fewer throwaway items. a) compare and contrast b) problem and solution c) sequence d) cause and effect e) description 8) Suppose the author gave you a reason/explanation for happening. What text structure is it? a) compare and contrast b) problem and solution c) sequence d) cause and effect e) description 9) Imagine exploring the vast African savannah, where tall grasses sway gently under the bright sun. In this habitat, lions roam proudly, their golden coats blending with the earthy tones of the landscape. Giraffes gracefully munch on leaves from towering acacia trees, their long necks reaching high into the sky. Zebras, with their striking black and white stripes, gather near watering holes, while elephants, with their wrinkled skin and majestic tusks, move slowly in family groups. Each animal adapts uniquely to survive in this wild, beautiful environment, showcasing the diverse and fascinating life of the African savannah. a) problem and solution b) compare and contrast c) description d) none on the list e) sequence f) cause and effect 10) Coral reefs are in danger and are slowly being destroyed. Coral reefs grow at a very slow rate and therefore are disintegrating faster than they can grow. There are many reasons coral reefs are being destroyed, and most of the damage is caused by humans, mostly from pollution, overfishing, and people touching the reefs or hitting them with their boats. Warmer ocean temperatures caused by climate change are also stressing the reefs, making them weaker and more likely to die. Without action, many coral reefs may disappear completely, affecting the ocean animals that depend on them for food and shelter. a) compare and contrast b) problem and solution c) sequence d) cause and effect e) description 11) One time my mom and I made ice-cream. We added sugar and cream into a big glass bowl.  We added sugar and cream into a big bowl. We kept it frozen in the middle of a bigger glass bowl. While it froze, I stirred the mixture with a hand mixer. It was the first time that I had used one and it splattered ice-cream mixture all over the kitchen. The rest of the mixture finally froze, so we ate some ice cream, and then put the remaining portions in the freezer so that it wouldn't get freezer burned. That was a good day.   a) compare and contrast b) problem and solution c) sequence d) cause and effect e) description 12) Though toads are still around, they no longer are as common in some areas as they were a few decades ago. The growing use of insecticides has reduced their numbers. The chemical sprays usually do not harm toads, but cut down the animals’ food supply. Thereby, the toads do not have enough food to survive. There are fewer toads in many areas populated by humans. a) compare and contrast b) problem and solution c) sequence d) cause and effect e) description 13) Many students are currently failing their classes, but this outcome can often be avoided with more consistent effort and the use of available support. By studying regularly, asking questions when confused, putting forth greater effort, and attending extra help sessions, students can significantly improve their performance. Although it may seem like failing is common, there are many opportunities for students to turn things around and succeed if they take advantage of the help offered to them. a) compare and contrast b) problem and solution c) sequence d) cause and effect e) description 14) At Ericson, two popular sports are played: basketball and volleyball. Both take place indoors in the school gym, and each sport is played by two teams. In basketball, players can dribble and pass the ball off the floor, while in volleyball, the ball must never touch the ground, or the play is considered out. These two sports are enjoyed by many at Ericson for their excitement and teamwork. a) compare and contrast b) problem and solution c) sequence d) cause and effect e) description 15) In 1776, representatives from the thirteen American colonies met in Philadelphia for the Continental Congress. They discussed the idea of declaring independence from Great Britain. Then, on July 4th, the Declaration of Independence was approved, officially announcing the colonies’ decision to break free. After that, the delegates signed the document, with John Hancock’s signature being the most famous. Finally, the Declaration was sent to Great Britain, marking the beginning of the United States as an independent nation. a) compare and contrast b) problem and solution c) sequence d) none on the list  e) cause and effect f) description 16) The author tells how mountain and beach vacations are alike and different. We learn what activities people can do in each place and how the weather and scenery compare. What text structure is this? a) problem and solution b) compare and contrast c) none on the list d) description e) cause and effect f) sequence  17) Many people have difficulty falling asleep at night. One of those reasons may be technology. Scientists say that if you have trouble falling asleep at night, you should avoid technology like phones, TVs, tablets, and video games an hour before your bedtime. This might help you fall asleep more quickly and easily. a) cause and effect b) sequence c) description d) compare and contrast e) problem and solution f) none on the list 18) Did you know the moon has different phases? As the moon orbits or circles the Earth, the phase changes. The first phase we will start with is called the New Moon phase. As the New Moon phase begins, it orbits and we see more of the moon and now this is called the Waxing phase. Then, the moon gets to the Full Moon phase where we see the entire moon. Next, we are in the Waning phase and start to see less and less of the moon. Then, we reach the New Moon phase again, and the cycle continues! a) none on the list b) cause and effect c) problem and solution  d) sequence e) compare and contrast f) description 19) There are many similar ingredients in both cupcakes and cookies such as butter, flour, sugar, and eggs but there are some differences about baking these two desserts too. The amount of time that they are baked is different. Also, cupcakes are usually baked in smaller sized tins while cookies are usually baked on larger cookie sheets. a) sequence b) compare and contrast c) none on the list d) description e) cause and effect f) problem and solution 20) The author describes a kids having trouble getting enough sleep. Then, the author explains how a bedtime routine and turning off screens can help. What text structure is this? a) problem and solution b) compare and contrast c) none on the list d) description e) cause and effect f) sequence 

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