1) Which claim best describes the relationship between the frequency and wavelength of waves in the electromagnetic spectrum? a) Waves with a higher frequency have a shorter wavelength. b) Waves with a higher frequency have a longer wavelength. c) Waves with a lower frequency have a shorter wavelength. d) There is no relationship between frequency and wavelength of waves. 2) Based on the behavior of these visible light rays, which claim can be made about materials A or B? a) Material A is transparent because the light ray is transmitted. b) Material A is transparent because the light ray is absorbed. c) Material B is transparent because the light ray is transmitted. d) Material B is transparent because the light ray is absorbed. 3) What happens to sound if the amplitude of waves increase? a) The sound gets louder. b) The sound gets quieter. c) The pitch of the sound changes. 4) What type of change forms a new substance? a) phase change b) physical change c) chemical change 5) Which statement is true about the fossils in the image? a) F2 is younger than F4 b) F4 is older than F3 c) F3 is older than F4 6) Can sound travel through outer space? a) No because sound needs a medium (matter) to travel through b) No - because nobody is there to hear it c) Yes - sound doesn't need a medium (matter) to travel through d) Yes - space has matter that sound can travel through 7) Which cell structure determines what can enter and leave a cell? a) nucleus b) mitochondria c) cell membrane d) ribosomes 8) Why is the sun's energy used in salt pans to harvest salt from ocean water? a) because it heats the salt b) because it evaporates the salt c) because it evaporates the water d) because it condenses the salt 9) Repeated exposure to antibiotics can result in bacteria becoming resistant to the medication. What is the reason for this? a) Antibiotics cause bacteria to grow faster over time. b) Bacteria adapt by learning how to avoid the antibiotics. c) Some bacteria have natural variations that make them resistant, and they survive and reproduce. d) Antibiotics make human immune systems weaker, allowing resistant bacteria to thrive. 10) Which statement BEST describes gravity? a) Gravity is a force that pushes objects with mass away from each other. b) Gravity is an attractive force that pulls together any two objects with mass. c) Gravity only affects objects that are very large, like planets and stars. d) Gravity is the force that objects use to stay balanced on the ground. 11) What are 2 structures not found in animal cells, but are found in plant cells? a) chloroplasts and mitochondria b) cell wall and cell membrane c) cell membrane and chloroplasts d) cell wall and chloroplasts 12) During photosynthesis, plants create... a) oxygen and glucose b) carbon dioxide and water c) light and water d) oxygen and chlorophyll 13) What process moves tectonic plates? a) Earthquakes shaking the ground. b) Convection currents in the mantle. c) Winds pushing on the Earth's surface. d) Gravity pulling plates downhill. 14) What must happen for a mutation to affect natural selection? a) The mutation must occur in every organism in the population at once. b) The mutation must be helpful or harmful to the organism’s survival or reproduction c) The mutation must only change the organism’s appearance, not its function. d) The mutation must make the organism larger or stronger. 15) Which of the following is evidence that continents were once joined together in a supercontinent? a) Similar species of plants and animals are found only on islands. b) Matching fossils and rock layers are found on continents now separated by oceans. c) Volcanoes are found on every continent today. d) Mountains have formed recently in many parts of the world. 16) What causes tides on Earth? a) The gravitational pull of the Moon and the Sun on Earth’s oceans b) Earth’s rotation pulling water toward the equator. c) Winds blowing across the ocean surface. d) Underwater earthquakes moving ocean water. 17) How does the mass of an object affect its kinetic energy? a) An object’s kinetic energy stays the same no matter its mass. b) Less mass always gives an object more kinetic energy. c) Mass only affects potential energy, not kinetic energy. d) More mass means more kinetic energy if the object is moving at the same speed. 18) What part of the cell produces energy for the cell - in the form of ATP molecules? a) cell membrane b) nucleus c) ribosomes d) mitochondria 19) What causes Earth's day and night? a) Earth’s orbit around the Sun. b) The Moon blocking sunlight from Earth. c) Earth rotating on its axis. d) Clouds covering the Sun at different times. 20) What causes Earth's seasons? a) The distance between Earth and the Sun changes during the year. b) The speed of Earth’s rotation changes in different months. c) Earth’s tilted axis as it orbits around the Sun d) Clouds and weather patterns change the amount of sunlight we get. 21) Which of the following best describes natural selection? a) Organisms that are weaker survive and pass their traits to offspring. b) Individuals with beneficial traits are more likely to survive and reproduce. c) All members of a species are identical and do not change over time. d) Mutations only happen when an organism needs them. 22) Which of the following is an example of evolution? a) A population of birds developing stronger wings after a few generations. b) A rabbit changing color to match its environment within its lifetime. c) A species becoming extinct due to a sudden environmental change. d) A population of insects becoming resistant to an insecticide over time. 23) How do mutations contribute to evolution? a) Mutations create completely new species instantly. b) Mutations may produce new traits that can be passed down to future generations c) Mutations have no impact on the survival of organisms. d) Mutations only occur in response to environmental changes. 24) Which of the following is a key factor that drives natural selection? a) Environmental factors that limit resources such as food, water, and shelter. b) Individuals choosing mates based on their traits. c) Organisms voluntarily adapting to their surroundings. d) All organisms in a population having identical genetic material. 25) What is the role of genetic variation in natural selection? a) It has no effect; all individuals in a population are the same. b) It provides different traits that can help some individuals survive better than others. c) It causes organisms to develop beneficial traits only after a disaster. d) It ensures that all organisms will eventually become identical to one another. 26) What is a homologous structure? a) A body part that performs the same function in different species, but has a different structure. b) A body part that has a similar structure and origin, but may serve different functions in different species. c) A body part that no longer serves any purpose in an organism. d) A body part that is only found in one species. 27) Which of the following is an example of homologous structures? a) The wings of a bat and the wings of a bird. b) The forelimbs of a human, a cat, and a whale. c) The fins of a fish and the wings of a bird. d) The eyes of an octopus and the eyes of a human. 28) What is an analogous structure? a) A body part that is similar in structure and function due to common ancestry. b) A body part that performs the same function but has a different evolutionary origin. c) A body part that is no longer functional in a species. d) A structure that has no relationship to the organism’s survival. 29) Which of the following is an example of a vestigial structure in humans? a) appendix b) heart c) liver d) thumb

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