Focus Shift: The story begins with the weather, then shifts to a character’s reaction., At first, we focus on the outside of the house, then move inside., The writer starts with silence, then introduces a sudden noise., Zoom-In: First, the whole garden is described, then the frost on the grass., The writer shows a crowd, then focuses on one person’s face., It starts with a city view, then zooms in on a single window., Contrast / Shift in Mood: Calm and peaceful at the beginning, tense and frightening later., The setting feels magical, but then becomes threatening., A character feels safe, but then something goes wrong., Flashback / Memory / Time Shift: The character looks at something and remembers a moment from the past., The scene starts in the present, then flashes back to earlier that day., A memory interrupts the action, giving background to the story.,

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