Identify all possible options - Not considering personal issues, opinions, values – pts/ further tests/ tx/ refer, Identify all people involved - Animal, owner, vet and vn, welfare codes, number of animals, severity of animals, prof body, law – latter ones will allow options to be removed straight away, Formulate an ethical decision - Identify the ethical issues involved, sometimes really hard – sometimes hard as client puts their point of view persuasively and so drawn to it - welfare first, Choose a course of action - consider information in light of the ethical theory making most sense to you – if utilitarianism need to consider the costs and benefits of the decision, maybe little more black and white if deontological – maybe somewhere in between, but rules may need to be prioritised, Minimise the impact of your decision - Often called refinement – limits the impact on the individual animal – alter and improve analgesic regime / change the environment for the animal to make more comfortable / change to a drug with less side effects / prevent possible adverse effects / restrict number of animals affected,

Ethical decision making

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