What do we use simple present for? - simple present to talk about:Habits and routines: I wake up at 7 a.m. Facts and general truths: The sun rises in the east. Schedules and timetables: The bus leaves at 9 o’clock. , Explain when to add "S" in the verbs - In the simple present, we add -s or -es to the verb only in third person singular (he, she, it):, What is the difference between present progressive and simple present? - Simple present: habitual actions or facts: She works every day. Present progressive: actions happening now or around now. She is working right now., What do we use present progressive for? - We use the present progressive to describe: Actions happening at the moment: I’m studying. Temporary actions: She’s staying with her aunt. Future plans (with time): We’re meeting tomorrow. , What do we use simple past for? - We use the simple past for actions that: Happened at a specific time in the past: I visited Paris last year. Are finished: She studied yesterday. , Explain final sounds for simple past (ED endings) - There are 3 possible pronunciations for -ed: /t/: for verbs ending in voiceless sounds (except /t/): laughed /læft/, danced /dænst/ /d/: for verbs ending in voiced sounds (except /d/): played /pleɪd/, called /kɔːld/ /ɪd/: for verbs ending in /t/ or /d/: wanted /ˈwɒntɪd/, needed /ˈniːdɪd/ , What is the difference between simple past and past progressive? - Simple past: completed action. I watched TV last night. Past progressive: ongoing action in the past, often interrupted. I was watching TV when the phone rang. , What is the difference between present perfect and past perfect?  - Present perfect: action happened at an unspecified time and is related to the present. I have eaten lunch. Past perfect: action that happened before another past action. I had eaten before she arrived. , What is the difference between GOING TO and WILL? - Going to: Planned future or intentions: I’m going to study medicine. Predictions based on evidence: Look at the clouds! It’s going to rain. Will: Instant decisions: I’ll help you. Promises: I will always love you. Predictions not based on current evidence: It will be a great day. , What are modals and what do we use them for? - Modals are helping verbs that express ability, possibility, permission, or necessity: Can, could, may, might, must, shall, should, will, would She can swim. (ability) You must wear a seatbelt. (necessity) , What is the difference between simple past and past perfect in structure and usage? - Simple past: Subject + Verb (past) → She ate. Past perfect: Subject + had + Past Participle → She had eaten. Use simple past for a single past event. Use past perfect to show one action happened before another in the past: She had eaten before he arrived. , What is the difference between SINCE and FOR with present perfect? - SINCE: starting point in time. I have lived here since 2010. FOR: duration of time. I have lived here for 5 years. , How do we use SOME and ANY in questions? - SOME: in offers or requests → Would you like some water? ANY: in general or yes/no questions → Do you have any pets? , How do you express a regret?  - Use “should have + past participle” to express regret: I should have studied more. She shouldn’t have said that. You can also use wish + past perfect: I wish I had told the truth. ,

Pre- Certification

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