1 - Intercostal muscles pull the ribcage upwards and outwards, and the diaphragm contracts, pulling downwards, 2  - Lung volume increases and air pressure inside decreases, so oxygen-rich air is pushed into the lungs, 3  - The air travels down the trachea, and through the bronchi, into the alveoli, 4   - There is a higher concentration of oxygen in the alveoli than in the blood around it, so oxygen diffuses into the blood, 5  - Oxygen is carried around the body for use in respiration, 6  - There is a higher concentration of carbon dioxide in the blood than the alveoli, so carbon dioxide diffuses into the alveoli, 7  - Intercostal muscles pull the ribcage downwards and inwards, and the diaphragm relaxes, moving upwards, 8  - Lung volume decreases, and air pressure inside increases, so carbon-dioxide-rich air is pushed out of the lungs,

Ventilation of the Lungs

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