True: Enzymes speed up chemical reactions without being consumed., A substrate is the molecule that binds to the enzyme’s active site., Enzymes have an optimum temperature at which they work best., Denaturation permanently changes the structure of a protein or enzyme., Extreme pH levels can cause enzymes to denature., Competitive inhibitors bind to the enzyme’s active site, preventing substrate binding., Non-competitive inhibitors bind away from the active site but still reduce enzyme activity., Activators increase the activity of enzymes by stabilising the active form., Proteins are made up of amino acids linked by peptide bonds., Secondary protein structure involves alpha helices and beta sheets., Tertiary structure is the overall 3D shape of a single polypeptide chain., Quaternary structure refers to multiple polypeptide chains forming a functional protein., Proteins can act as enzymes, hormones, transporters, and structural components., Denaturation affects protein function because the shape determines its activity., Substrate concentration does not affect enzyme activity once the enzyme is saturated., False: The lock and key model suggests the enzyme changes shape to fit the substrate., The induced fit model shows that enzymes are rigid and cannot change shape., Increasing substrate concentration always increases enzyme activity indefinitely., The primary structure of a protein is its 3D folding pattern., All proteins function as enzymes in the body.,

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