Carbonate: Formula of ion: CO32-, Reagent: acid, e.g. HCl or H2SO4, Observation: Effervescence, Equation: 2H+ + CO32- → CO2 + H2O, Sulphate: Formula of ion: SO42-, Reagent: Barium chloride solution, Observation: white precipitate forms, Equation: Ba2+ (aq) + SO42- (aq) → BaSO4 (s), Halide: Formula of ion(s): Cl-, Br-, I-, Reagent: Silver nitrate solution, Observation with Cl-: white precipitate which dissolves in dilute ammonia, Observation with Br-: cream precipitate which dissolves in concentrated ammonia, Observation with I-: yellow precipitate which is insoluble in ammonia, Equation: Ag+ (aq) + X- (aq) → AgX (s), Ammonium: Formula of ion: NH4+, Reagent: sodium hydroxide & damp red litmus paper, Condition: Heat in a water bath, Observation: Gas produced turns damp red litmus paper blue, Equation: NH4+ (aq) + OH- (aq) --> NH3 (g) + H2O (l),
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Testing for ions
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Runshawscience
KS5
Y12
Y13
Chemistry
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