1) What anti federalist essay perpetuated ideas against the ratification of the proposed U.S Constitution (at the time), and further states that a strong central government would contribute to the loss of individual rights along with state governments. a) Federalist No. 70 b) Cato No. 3 c) Brutus No. 1 d) Federal Farmer No. 2 2) An essay by James Madison which says that factions are dangerous but a large republic can control them. a) Federalist No. 10 b) Federalist No. 39 c) Federalist No. 84 d) Brutus No. 11 3) An essay by James Madison which explains checks and balances so no brach becomes too powerful. a) Federalist No. 78 b) Federalist No. 51 c) Brutus No. 5 d) Federalist No. 62 4) Something that follows or agrees with the rules in the USA. a) Constitutional b) Lawful c) Democratic d) Statutory 5) Agreements made during the Constitutional Convention to help states with different opinions work together and create the Constitution a) Amendments  b) Ratifications c) Resolutions d) Compromises 6) A plan for Congress where every state would have equal representation, no matter the population size. a) New Jersey Plan b) Virginia Plan c) Hamilton Plan d) Connecticut Plan 7) A plan for Congress where representation would be based on a state`s population (bigger states = more power) a) New Jersey Plan b) Great Compromise c) Virginia Plan d) Philadelphia Plan 8) The agreement that solved the fight between large and small states. It created two-house Congress ( The Senate and THe House of Representatives) a) Missouri Compromise b) Great Compromise c) Connecticut Compromise d) Northwest Ordinance 9) A deal about how enslaved people would be counted. It counted 3 out of every 5 enslaved people when deciding population and taxes. a) 4/6th Compromise  b) 2/3rd Compromise c) 9/15th Compromise d) 3/5th Compromise 10) The idea that government power should be divided into three branches: Legislative, Executive and Judicial. a) Separation of Powers b) Judicial Review c) Federalism d) Popular Sovereignty 11) A system in the Constitution where each branch of government (legislative, executive, judicial) has the power to limit the other branches. a) Limited Government  b) Rule of Law c) Checks and Balances d) Popular Sovereignty 12) System designed to balance power by reserving certain duties for regional governments and others for national governments. Some argued that it prevented tyranny, while others stated that it weakened state autonomy. a) Separation of Power b) Checks and Balances c) Federalism d) Judicial Review 13) Principle that mirrors the concept of government requiring consent from the governed who choose representatives to govern and or legislate on their behalf. It proved to be important for the rejection of monarchy. a) Republicanism b) Direct Democracy c) Autocracy d) Judicial Activism 14) Emerged from the Enlightenment thought along with colonists feelings of distrust towards someone with absolute power. The principle enforces that leaders must stay within boundaries set by the constitution/rule of law, which ensures that even a majority cannot obscure fundamental rights. a) Popular Sovereignty b) Majority rule c) Limited Government d) Totalitarianism 15) A state made an attempt to tax a specific area of a national bank which raised the question of whether Congress has the authority to interfere with federal institutions. The result caused the supremacy of federal power to be augmented and changed the scope of power under the Necessary and Proper Clause. a) Fletcher v. Peck b) US v. Lopez c) McCulloch v. Maryland d) Gibbons v. Ogden 16) A minor was charged due to a federal law banning firearms on school property, but the city struck the law down which was the first time in decades that under the Commerce Clause the Supreme Court limited Congress’s authority, while enforcing that not all activities could be related to interstate commerce. a) Wickard v. Filburn  b) US v. Lopez c) McCulloch v. Maryland d) Gonzales v. Raich 17) A suspect during a case confessed without being told that they had the right to remain silent or the right to a consultation from an attorney. This led to the court stating that the Fifth Amendment made it mandatory for law enforcement to inform individuals of their rights before interrogation. a) Gideon v. Wainwright b) Miranda v. Arizona c) Roe v. Wade d) Mapp v. Ohio 18) Challenged the doctrine of "separate but equal” by giving statistical evidence on the social and psychological this mindset had on African American children, which led to the court stating that segregation being imposed in public schools violated the Equal Protection Clause. a) Brown v. Board of Education  b) Dred Scott v. Sandford c) Loving v. Virginia d) Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg 19) An interracial couple was sentenced to prison for getting married which violated the state law at the time. This led to the court abolishing such limitations by stating that it violated the Equal Protection Clause and the Due Process Clause which established that marriage is a fundamental right. a) Obergefell v. Hodges b) Griswold v. Connecticut c) Loving v. Virginia d) Brown v. Board of Education 20) A man was appointed as a judge but did not receive his compensation which led to him advocating to the Supreme Court in order for the commission to be received. Chief Justice John Marshall denied the petition and affirmed that the Court has the ability to overrule any laws that violate the Constitution which led to the creation of judicial review. a) Worcester v. Georgia  b) Marbury v. Madison c) McCulloch v. Maryland d) US v. Lopez

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