Longitudinal Wave, a wave which vibrates parallel to direction of motion, Transverse Wave, a wave which vibrates perpendicular to direction of motion, 5 sound wave phenomena, reflection, refraction, diffraction, interference, resonance, Diffraction of waves is , the spreading out of waves through a gap or around an obstacle in their path, Interference of waves is, when waves in the same medium combine to form a wave of resultant amplitude, Formula for speed of a wave, c = ℷf, Frequency is, the number of cycles passing a point per second, Time for 1 oscillation is , period, Coherent sources are, waves with the same frequency who are in phase or have a constant phase difference between them, Constructive interference is, when 2 waves in the same medium combine to form a greater amplitude than individual waves, Sound waves cannot be , polarised because they are longitudinal, Polarisation, when direction of vibration of waves is restricted to one plane only, Doppler effect, the apparent change in frequency due to motion between the source and the observer, Reflection of waves is, the bouncing of waves off an obstacle in their path, What characteristic is based on the number of overtones present? in a sound?, quality, What characteristic is based on the frequency of a sound wave?, pitch, What are harmonics?, frequencies which are multiples of a certain frequency, Mechanical waves are, waves which need a medium to travel through, Electromagnetic waves are, waves which do not need a medium to travel through, A stationary or standing wave is, the wave formed when two travelling waves of equal amplitude and frequency meet. There is no net transfer of energy., Example of mechanical wave, sound, waves on a rope, Example of transverse wave, light, Example of longitudinal wave, sound, Example of electromagnetic wave, uv light, gamma rays, visible light..., Wavelength is, the distance between 2 crests, Amplitude is , the distance from the , The loudness of a sound wave depends on, amplitude, Refraction of waves is, the changing of direction of a wave when it enters a region where its speed changes, Resonance is, If the frequency of one system applied to another has the same or very similar natural frequency the 2nd system will vibrate with a very large amplitude, Distance between 2 nodes, ℷ/2, Distance between 2 anti-nodes, ℷ/2, Distance between a node and an anti-node, ℷ/4, How would you demonstrate that sound is a wave?, Use 2 speakers to show interference, How would you demonstrate that sound needs a medium to travel through?, Use a bell jar with a buzzer, Is the speed of sound faster or slower in a solid compared to a liquid?, faster in solids, What are the frequency limits of audibility for humans?, 20Hz to 20000Hz, How would you demonstrate resonance in the lab?, 2 tuning forks, Give a real life example of resonance, high pitched voice shattering a glass, buildings collapsing in earthquake, Give a real life example of refraction of sound, sounds are heard more clearly on a cold night, Give a real life example of reflection of sound, an echo, sonar, Give a real life example of diffraction of sound, sounds can be heard behind a door, How are sound intensity and sound intensity level related?, when SI is doubled, SIL increases by 3dB, Define fundamental frequency of a string, A string vibrating with an antinode at its centre and a node at each end, What does fundamental frequency of a string depend on?, length, tension, mass per unit length, What kind of harmonics can an open pipe have?, all harmonics, What kind of harmonics can a pipe which is closed at one end have?, odd numbered harmonics, How can you show that light is a transverse wave?, It can be polarised.

Waves & sound

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