Gene - A section of DNA that controls one trait (like flower color)., Allele - Different versions of a gene — think ALL the options!, Genotype - The genetic code or combination of alleles (geno = genes)., Phenotype - The physical appearance or what’s shown (pheno = show)., Homozygous - Two of the same alleles (homo = same)., Heterozygous - Two different alleles (hetero = different)., Dominant - The allele that shows up even if only one is present., Recessive - The allele that’s hidden when a dominant one is present., Punnett Square - A chart used to predict possible offspring traits., Gamete - A sex cell (sperm or egg) with half the usual number of chromosomes., Zygote - The cell formed when two gametes join — the start of a new organism., Crossing-Over - When chromosomes swap pieces during meiosis to mix up genes., Independent Assortment - "Chromosomes line up randomly, creating new combinations.", Meiosis - Cell division that makes gametes — cuts chromosomes in half., Mitosis - Cell division for growth or repair — makes identical cells., Trait - A feature or characteristic (like eye color or height)., Chromosome - A strand of DNA that holds many genes., Heredity - Passing traits from parents to offspring., Variation - Differences between individuals in a species., Mendel - The scientist who discovered how traits are inherited using pea plants.,

Bio 6.2

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