1) What is the gestation period of a cow? a) A) 265 days b) B) 283 days c) C) 300 days d) D) 365 days 2) The oestrous cycle in cattle lasts for: a) A) 14 days b) B) 18 days c) C) 21 days d) D) 30 days 3) A heifer is: a) A) A female that has calved once b) B) A castrated male c) C) A female that hasn’t calved d) D) A young male 4) The Aberdeen Angus breed originates from: a) A) Ireland b) B) England c) C) Scotland d) D) France 5) The Hereford breed is recognised by: a) A) Black coat b) B) Red coat with white head c) C) White coat with red head d) D) Blue coat 6) The Charolais breed is known for: a) A) Early maturity b) B) Low growth rate c) C) High growth rate d) D) Dual-purpose use 7) The Limousin breed is a) A) From Switzerland b) B) Dual-purpose c) C) Reddish-brown coat d) D) Double-muscled 8) The Simmental breed is: a) A) From France b) B) Dual-purpose c) C) Black-coated d) D) Double-muscled 9) The Belgian Blue is double-muscled due to: a) A) Growth hormone b) B) Myostatin gene c) C) Selective feeding d) D) Early maturity 10) Kill-out percentage is calculated as: a) (Live weight ÷ carcass weight) × 100 b) (Carcass weight ÷ live weight) × 100 c) (Fat score ÷ muscle score) × 100 d) (Age ÷ carcass weight) × 100 11) A Charolais typically has a finishing weight of: a) A) 500 kg b) B) 530 kg c) C) 650 kg d) D) 700 kg 12) Early maturing breeds: a) A) Lay down fat at lower weights b) B) Grow faster c) C) Finish at heavier weights d) D) Have calving difficulties 13) The best EUROP conformation (shape) grade is: a) R b) U c) E d) P 14) A carcass with the least fat has a fat score of: a) A) 1 b) B) 2 c) C) 3 d) D) 5 15) The calving interval in a suckler herd should be: a) A) 300 days b) B) 365 days c) C) 400 days d) D) 395 days 16) Most Irish suckler herds are: a) A) Autumn calving b) B) Winter calving c) C) Spring calving d) D) All-year calving 17) A suckler sire is selected based on: a) A) Colour b) B) Fertility and conformation c) C) Height d) D) Age 18) Artificial insemination is used to: a) A) Increase disease b) B) Reduce fertility c) C) Improve desired traits d) D) Reduce conception rate 19) Body condition scoring in cattle ranges from: a) A) 1–3 b) B) 1–5 c) C) 1–10 d) D) 0–10 20) The reproductive efficiency of 88% means: a) A) 88 cows calved b) B) 88 calves weaned per 100 cows served c) C) 88 calves born d) D) 88 cows in calf 21) Silage with 75% DMD leads to higher LWG because: a) A) More protein supplements b) B) Higher digestibility c) C) More fibre d) D) Longer storage 22) Colostrum is high in: a) A) Carbohydrates b) B) Antibodies c) C) Water d) D) Fibre 23) The EuroStar Index was developed by: a) A) Teagasc and ICBF b) B) DAFM c) C) Bord Bia d) D) Coillte 24) The replacement index focuses on: (EuroStar Index) a) A) Carcase quality b) B) Maternal traits c) C) Growth rate d) D) Fat score 25) The terminal index focuses on: (EuroStar Index) a) A) Fertility b) B) Calving interval c) C) Carcase and weight gain d) D) Milk yield 26) Bulls with higher reliability figures: a) A) Have fewer progeny b) B) Are unproven c) C) Are performance tested with many calves d) D) Are less accurate 27) Extending the grazing season reduces carbon footprint by: a) A) 0.5% b) B) 1.7% c) C) 3.0% d) D) 5.0% 28) Including clover in pasture helps by a) A) Increasing fertiliser need b) B) Reducing fertiliser use  c) C) Making grass less palatable d) D) Raising soil pH 29) Weight of the useable parts of a carcass of an animal compared to that of live weight i.e. Organs, head, feet etc. removed. a) Kill out % b) Finishing weight 30) A target weight for an animal to be slaughtered at. a) Kill out % b) Finishing weight 31) Number of calves weaned per 100 cows served. a) Fertility b) Replacement index c) Reproductive efficiency d) Calving interval 32) The calving interval is the time between: a) A) Heat and service b) B) Birth and weaning c) C) Successive calvings d) D) Service and birth 33) Which of the following breeds is polled (naturally hornless)? a) A) Hereford b) B) Charolais c) C) Aberdeen Angus d) D) Simmental 34) A dual-purpose breed produces: a) A) Meat only b) B) Milk only c) Both milk & meat 35) Herefords are known for being: a) A) Difficult calving b) B) Easy calving and early maturing c) C) Late maturing d) D) Double-muscled 36) Charolais bulls should not be used on heifers because: a) A) Low fertility b) B) Poor milk yield c) C) Calving difficulties d) D) High feed costs 37) Later-maturing breeds: a) A) Deposit fat at lighter weights b) B) Finish at heavier weights c) C) Mature early d) D) Have low growth rate 38) Spring-calving is preferred because: a) A) Reduces grass use b) B) Maximises grass utilisation c) C) Increases feed cost d) D) Reduces fertility 39) An ideal suckler cow has: a) A) Low fertility b) B) Poor milk yield c) C) Easy calving and high fertility d) D) Short reproductive life 40) To improve reproductive efficiency, farmers should: a) A) Use difficult-calving bulls b) B) Calve cows every 18 months c) C) Maintain correct body condition at mating d) D) Feed 50% DMD silage 41) A maintenance diet provides enough feed to: a) A) Gain 1 kg per day b) B) Maintain body weight c) C) Produce milk d) D) Build muscle 42) A production diet provides extra feed for: a) A) Rest b) B) Body maintenance c) C) Growth, milk or offspring d) D) Fibre digestion 43) Ammonia and methane buildup in housing is due to: a) A) Poor water supply b) B) Poor ventilation c) C) Excess light d) D) Overfeeding 44) Automatic scrapers are used to: a) A) Distribute silage b) B) Remove dung from passages c) C) Detect heat d) D) Milk cows 45) Naval ill is prevented by: a) A) Dosing b) B) Feeding minerals c) C) Applying iodine to the navel d) D) Spraying antibiotics 46) What is the store period in beef production? a) A) A time when animals are fed intensively on concentrates to increase weight rapidly b) B) A period of restricted feeding when cattle move from a high to a low plane of nutrition (decrease in LWG) c) C) A time when cattle are turned out to grass for maximum live weight gain d) D) The period after calving when cows are producing milk 47) What is compensatory growth in beef cattle? a) A) Increased growth that occurs when animals move from a high to a low plane of nutrition b) B) Reduced growth during restricted feeding c) C) Rapid growth when animals return to a high plane of nutrition after a period of restriction d) D) Steady growth maintained throughout the feeding period 48) What is A? a) Store period b) Compensatory growth 49) What is B? a) Store period b) Compensatory growth 50) British beef breeds (2 answers) a) b) c) d) 51) When cattle are turned out to grass after the store period, their rapid weight gain is called: a) A) Growth recession b) B) Compensatory growth c) C) Restricted feeding d) D) High-concentrate gain 52) Calves should be creep fed to: a) A) Prevent them grazing b) B) Allow access to high-quality grass c) C) Reduce milk intake d) D) Avoid diseases 53) Progeny testing evaluates: a) A) The bull’s offspring performance b) B) The bull’s diet c) C) Semen quality d) D) Housing design 54) Rotational grazing helps by: a) A) Increasing poaching b) B) Improving grass regrowth c) C) Increasing fertiliser use d) D) Decreasing stocking rate 55) Grass-fed beef typically has more of which beneficial nutrient? a) A) Omega-3 fatty acids b) B) Saturated fat c) C) Cholesterol d) D) Carbohydrates 56) Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) in beef helps protect against: a) A) Asthma and arthritis b) B) Type 2 diabetes and cancers  c) C) Anaemia and osteoporosis d) D) Digestive issues 57) The concentration of Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA )in beef can be increased by: a) A) Reducing the grazing season b) B) Feeding more grain c) C) Increasing the number of grazing days d) D) Feeding silage and straw 58) Installing bird and bat boxes around the farm helps to: a) A) Reduce biodiversity b) B) Increase biodiversity c) C) Scare wildlife d) D) Pollute water 59) SBLAS stand for a) A) Sustainable Beef and Lamb Assurance Scheme b) B) Sustainable Beef Livestock Approval System c) C) Standardised Beef and Livestock Assessment Scheme d) D) Sustainable Bovine and Lamb Agricultural Scheme 60) The SBLAS scheme was developed by Bord Bia to: a) A) Promote animal welfare and environmental sustainability b) B) Increase beef exports c) C) Regulate beef prices d) D) Replace crossbreeding programs

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