Autotroph - organism that obtains its energy from abiotic sources, such as sunlight or inorganic chemicals, Heterotroph - organism that obtains its energy and nutrients by consuming other organisms, ATP - high-energy molecule that contains, within its bonds, energy that the cells can use (adenosine triphosphate), Photosynthesis - process by which light energy is converted to chemical energy; produces sugar and oxygen from carbon dioxide and water, Reactant - substance that is changed by a chemical reaction, Product - substance formed by a chemical reaction, Chloroplast - organelle composed of numerous membranes that are used to convert solar energy into chemical energy; contains chlorophll, Thylakoid - membrane-bound structure within chloroplasts that contains chlorophyll and other light-absorbing pigments used in the light-dependent reaction of photosynthesis, Granum - one of the stacks of chlorophyll-containing thylakoids found in plant chloroplasts, Stroma - the fluid that surrounds the grana inside a chloroplast, Stomata - pores in the cuticle of a plant through which gas exchange occurs, Chlorophyll - light-absorbing pigment molecule in photosynthetic organisms, Light-dependent reaction - part of photosynthesis that absorbs energy from sunlight and transfers energy to the light-independent reactions, Light-independent reaction (Calvin Cycle) - part of photosynthesis that uses energy absorbed during the light-dependent reactions to synthesize carbohydrates, Cellular respiration - process of producing ATP by breaking down carbon-based molecules when oxygen is present, Glycolysis - anaerobic process in which glucose is broken down into two molecules or pyruvate and two net ATP are produced, Krebs cycle - process during cellular respiration that breaks down a carbon molecule to produce molecules that are used in the electron transport chain, Electron transport chain - series of proteins in the thylakoid and mitochondrial membranes that aid in converting ADP to ATP by transferring electrons, Mitochondria - bean-shaped organelle that supplies energy to the cell and has its own ribosomes and DNA, Aerobic - process that requires oxygen to occur, Anaerobic - process that does not require oxygen to occur, Fermentation - anaerobic process by which ATP is produced by glycolysis,

Cellular Energy

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