Charles Darwin - A naturalist who developed the theory of evolution by natural selection, explaining how species change over time due to inherited variations and survival advantages., Heritability - The ability of a trait to be passed from one generation to the next through genes, Evolution - The process by which species change over time due to genetic variations and environmental pressures., Natural Selection - A process where individuals with beneficial traits are more likely to survive and reproduce, passing those traits to their offspring., Adaptation - A trait that improves an organism's ability to survive and reproduce in its environment., Variation - Differences in traits among individuals of a species, caused by genetic mutations and recombination., Mutation - A change in DNA that can introduce new traits into a population., Fitness - An organism's ability to survive and reproduce in its environment., Descent with Modification - The principle that offspring inherit traits from their parents, but genetic variations and mutations can lead to changes over generations. Over time, these small changes can accumulate, leading to the evolution of new species., Overproduction - When organisms produce more offspring than can survive. This leads to competition for resources, and only the individuals with the best traits are more likely to survive and reproduce, driving natural selection., Competition - The struggle between organisms for limited resources such as food, water, shelter, and mates, Species - A group of organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring in a natural environment., Speciation - The formation of new species as populations evolve and become reproductively isolated from one another., Artificial Selection - the breeding of organisms by humans to produce desired traits (e.g., dog breeds, crops)., Common Ancestor - An ancient organism from which different species have evolved over time., Homologous Structures - Body structures in different species that have similar anatomy due to shared ancestry, but may serve different functions (e.g., human arm and whale flipper)., Analogous Structures - Body structures that serve similar functions in different species but evolved independently (e.g., bird wings and insect wings)., Vestigial Structures - Body parts that have lost their original function through evolution (e.g., human appendix)., Fossil Record - The preserved remains of ancient organisms that provide evidence of evolution., Embryology - The study of embryos to find similarities between different species, supporting common ancestry.,

Evolution & Natural Selection

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