Scientists study cells in humans and other organisms., Computer models and cells, including human cells, are used to assess how the drug or treatment might affect humans., Preclinical trials - the new medicine is tested on at least two different species of animals., Clinical trials - the new medicine is tested in small doses on healthy volunteers., Clinical trials - the new medicine is tested on a small group of patients. Some receive the new drug, but others receive a placebo. This is called a double-blind trial., Clinical trial - the drug is tested on a large group of patients., If the medicine passes all trials, it can be licensed for doctors to prescribe., Doctors monitor effects of the licensed medicine on patients and can report any concerns if they have any.

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